臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以節省能源與提升效率為目標，將增程式複合動力機車之冷卻系統分為動力元件散熱流道設計與系統層級之熱管理策略建置，分別進行最佳化分析與能耗減量效益之探討，並提出一套完整之冷卻系統設計方法與流程。藉由探討目前文獻提出之設計方法，本研究彙整其優勢並改善其缺失之處，提出創新且合理之冷卻系統設計方法。依據此方法須具備之設計與評估工具，本研究建立了散熱流道有限體積模型、冷卻系統穩態及暫態數學模型。同時，本研究使用複合動力系統及冷卻系統之硬體在環(Hardware-in-the-Loop, HiL)測試平台，分別對數學模型進行驗證與探討誤差，確認設計與評估工具之可信度與合理性。針對散熱流道設計，本研究使用有限體積模型描述熱源、熱沉與流體之間的熱流狀態，並進行最佳化分析求解流道幾何與流率之最佳解，同時探討其能耗減量之效益；對於熱管理策略設計，本研究運用冷卻系統穩態及暫態模型進行策略規則之設計，並利用模型在環(Model-in-the-Loop, MiL)模擬方法針對特定之車輛測試路程進行策略規則的最佳化分析，同時探討策略運作之有效性及能耗減量之效益。本研究依據此設計方法完整的進行了冷卻系統之開發，確立了此設計方法之可行性與有效性。本研究提出之冷卻系統設計方法不局限於複合動力機車，此設計方法之理念能夠推廣至其他種類之車輛，甚至應用於車輛以外之機械或電子設備之冷卻系統設計。

With the purpose of saving energy and improving efficiency, this research presents the optimization analysis and study of energy consumption for the cooling system and thermal management strategies for the range-extended scooter. This thesis summarizes from literatures and existing studies to gather their advantages, also improving the shortcomings and proposes an innovative cooling system design method. Based on the essential design tools for this method, this thesis establishes mathematical models of the cooling channels and the whole cooling system using finite volume method (FVM) and thermal circuit method respectively. Then this research uses the hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) testbed of the hybrid system and the cooling system for mathematical models verification and to confirm the credibility and rationality of these design tools. In order to design the cooling channels, this research takes the FVM to describe the phenomena of heat transfer and the flow field and perform the optimization analysis to find the best geometry and flow rate for the cooling channels. Finally, we explore the benefits of energy reduction. For thermal management strategy design, we use mathematical model of the whole cooling system to design strategy rules, and perform the model-in-the-loop (MiL) simulation to optimize strategy rules for specific test cycle and finally investigate the effectiveness of the strategies and benefits of the energy reduction. The cooling system design method proposed in this research is not confined to range-extended scooters. The concept of this design method can be extended to other types of vehicles, and even applied to the cooling system design for other mechanical or electronic equipment.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
ABSTRACT III
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.1.1 電動車產業之興起 1
1.1.2 複合動力機車開發與系統最佳設計 2
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 研究目標 4
1.4 論文架構與內容簡介 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 電動車輛冷卻系統種類概述 6
2.1.1 空冷式冷卻系統 7
2.1.2 油冷式冷卻系統 7
2.1.3 水冷式冷卻系統 8
2.2 動力元件之散熱流道設計方法 8
2.2.1 針對動力元件溫度進行優化設計 9
2.2.2 綜合考慮流道流阻及熱源溫度之優化探討 10
2.2.3 針對散熱流道流阻進行優化設計 12
2.3 冷卻系統熱管理策略設計方法 16
2.3.1 動力系統保護策略 16
2.3.2 系統能耗優化策略 20
2.4 冷卻系統數學模型 24
2.4.1 熱損失模型 24
2.4.2 動力元件熱模型 28
2.5 小結 32
第三章 研究方法 34
3.1 電動機車冷卻系統設計方法 34
3.1.1 冷卻系統架構 34
3.1.2 冷卻系統設計方法 35
3.1.3 開發所需之數學模型工具 41
3.2 研究架構與流程 42
第四章 冷卻系統數學模型 44
4.1 動力元件散熱流道數學模型 44
4.1.1 前處理 44
4.1.2 求解器 50
4.1.3 後處理 57
4.2 冷卻系統暫態數學模型 57
4.2.1 模型運作方法與基本假設 58
4.2.2 動力元件熱路模型 60
4.2.3 動力元件熱源模型 62
4.2.4 散熱排熱路模型 64
4.2.5 水冷液熱傳模型 64
4.2.6 冷卻系統流阻與能耗評估 66
4.2.7 初始條件與邊界條件 67
4.3 冷卻系統穩態數學模型 68
4.3.1 穩態熱路模型架構與運作方法 69
4.3.2 動力元件熱路模型與水冷液熱傳模型 70
4.3.3 複合動力機車穩態操作區間 72
4.4 小結 73
第五章 實驗平台建立與數學模型驗證 74
5.1 冷卻系統實驗平台建立 74
5.1.1 實驗測試目的與方法 74
5.1.2 複合動力系統與冷卻系統HiL測試平台架構 76
5.1.3 冷卻系統實驗儀器 80
5.2 冷卻系統數學模型驗證內容與結果 90
5.2.1 穩態熱路模型 90
5.2.2 暫態熱路模型 94
第六章 動力元件散熱流道最佳設計與探討 100
6.1 散熱流道最佳設計流程 100
6.2 散熱性能評估 101
6.3 最佳設計順序訂定 103
6.4 散熱流道能耗最佳設計 104
6.4.1 PCU散熱流道 105
6.4.2 動力馬達散熱流道 106
6.4.3 最佳化分析流程與演算法 108
6.5 最佳化分析結果與探討 109
6.5.1 散熱流道最佳化分析過程探討 109
6.5.2 設計變數與目標函數之相關性分析 112
6.5.3 散熱流道最佳化結果與熱流特性探討 113
6.6 小結 117
第七章 熱管理策略設計與最佳化探討 119
7.1 動力系統保護策略 119
7.1.1 策略目標與運作方法 119
7.1.2 策略規則設計 122
7.1.3 策略模擬分析結果 126
7.2 系統能耗優化策略 129
7.2.1 策略目標與運作方法 129
7.2.2 策略規則最佳設計 131
7.2.3 最佳化分析結果與能耗優化探討 136
7.3 小結 141
第八章 結論與未來方向 143
8.1 研究成果與貢獻 143
8.2 未來改善與研究方向 144
參考文獻 145

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