臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為了增進韓國的職業婦女參與藝術文化活動，而對女性自身所面對的情況進行深入探討。針對個人工作與家庭衝突以及經歷家庭友善制度的經驗進行調查，從職業婦女的立場出發，藉由掌握職業婦女之所需，來制定合適的應對方案以及理解需求者所希望的制度，並加以改善使其普及化。本研究的目的為提出基礎資料讓職業婦女能有更好的生活條件，進而達到為了自己而生活的目標。此研究結果旨在減少女性在工作與家庭中的負擔，進而增加女性的藝術文化參與活動。
爲了達成以上的目的，本研究透過質性研究，以韓國15名職業婦女為研究受訪對象進行深度訪談。收集的資料通過經常性比較分析方法(Constant Comparison Method)來進行分析。分析研究結果如下：第一、職業婦女在工作與家庭中同時發揮著作用，在精神和肉體上已經處於非常疲憊的狀態。因此，比起參與藝術文化活動，更想利用這個時間讓自己休息。為了運用自己的時間，需要把子女托付給別人，然而現實中尋找照顧對象的過程並不容易，還會因爲擔心子女，而對子女感到抱歉，因此不願意把子女托付給別人。另外，職業婦女在履行工作與家庭角色的過程中，如果發生了衝突情形，此時比起職場，更把家庭放在首位。
第二、大部分受訪者都認識到自己擁有文化資本，這樣的資本被認為是靠學歷，靠家庭或從兩者獲得。從小時候開始，主動或被動參與的藝術文化活動，使得到了成年也能夠持續參與。因此，爲了子女們的藝術文化參與，職業婦女更是帶領子女一起參與。
如果家庭友善制度被活用，職業婦女將更容易參與藝術文化活動，因此提出了有關家庭友善制度是否活用的問題。但是大部分受訪者回答說『沒有經驗過』。這可以看出，政府爲政策大衆化付出了很多努力，但實際上該制度還沒有普及到大衆中。據利用家庭友善制度的幾位受訪者的研究結果表明，家庭友善制度明顯有助於改善職業婦女的生活，進而有助於增進藝術文化參與。
根據上述研究結果，提出理想的改善方案如下：當女性的經濟活動逐漸增加，作與家庭衝突是職業婦女持續感到困擾的問題。爲了使有兒女的職業婦女能夠自主，滿足自己的需求和使自己的生活更有意義，一個家庭的所有成員，乃至國家和企業都應肩負起責任解決問題。
首先隨著對女性的認識逐漸改善，丈夫們也逐漸意識到事並非只有女性該承擔育兒和家務的責任，因此育兒和家務的參與程度正在提高。在公司或社會中，也應提高男性應該共同參與的社會意識。舉例來說，需要改善認知，讓男性也可以在職場內自由地利用育兒休假或縮短工作時數制度。但家庭友善制度是目前只有300人以上員工的企業才能使用的制度，應擴大到中、小企業也可以使用，而且家庭友善制度應該不拘正式員工、非正式員工的僱用形式，只要是勞動者，任何人都可以自由地利用。另外，擴大子女的照顧設施，使其成為父母們需要的話隨時都可以使用的便利照顧設施。例如：藝術文化會館等藝術文化設施應進一步增加照顧設施和服務，以便觀衆隨時都能參與。

In order to promote professional Korean women's participation in art and cultural activities, this research conducted an in-depth examination of the situation faced by women themselves.
The personal traits, workplace-family conflicts, and experience with the family-friendly system were investigated and, starting from the standpoint of working women, by grasping the needs of women in the workplace, we can formulate appropriate response plans and understand the systems that consumers desire as well as improve and popularize them.
The purpose of this research is to provide baseline data so that professional women can have better living conditions and lead better lives for themselves. The goal of this study is to reduce the burden of women's roles in work and family, thereby increasing women's participation in art and culture.
In order to achieve the above purpose, this research conducted qualitative research and in-depth interviews with 15 South Korean working women as research subjects. The collected data is analyzed using the constant comparison method. The analyzed research results are as follows: First, professional women are already in a state of exhaustion both mentally and physically from simultaneously performing their duties at work and at home. Therefore, rather than participating in art and cultural activities, subjects wanted to use their for themselves and rest. In addition, in order to invest in personal time subjects needed to entrust their children to others but, in reality, the process of finding a caregiver is not easy, and because they are worried about their children, they feel sorry for their children and are reluctant to entrust their children to others. Also, if conflict occurs between the fulfilling of workplace and family roles, the family was prioritized over the workplace.
Second, most interviewees recognized that they have cultural capital, and such capital is considered to be obtained by education, family, or both. Moreover, since childhood, active or passive participation in art and cultural activities enables continuous participation even in adulthood. Therefore, professional women encourage their children to participate in the art and culture and participate in those activities themselves as well.
Third, professional women believed that if the family-friendly system is utilized, they would be able to participate in artistic and cultural activities more easily, and the question of whether the family-friendliness system is utilized was raised. However, most of the interviewees answered that they had no experience with the system. It can be seen that the government has made a lot of effort to popularize the policy, but in fact the system has not yet been popularized among the public. However, according to the research results of several research interviewees who had used family-friendly system, the family-friendly system definitely helps to improve the lives of working women, which in turn helps to increase participation in art and culture.
Based on the above research results, the proposed ideal development plan is as follows： As women's economic activities gradually increase, the workplace-family conflict is a problem that professional women will continue to face. In order to enable professional women with children to be independent, meet their own needs, and make their lives more meaningful, all members of a family, as well as the country and enterprises, should shoulder the responsibility to solve this problem.
First, as the awareness of women gradually improved, husbands have also gradually realized that it is not only women who should bear the responsibility of childcare and housework, so the level of participation in childcare and housework is increasing. Therefore, in society or the workplace, the level of social acceptance that men should participate in these tasks should also be raised.
For example, awareness needs to be improved so that men can freely use parental leave or shorten the working hours system in the workplace. In addition, the family-friendly system is currently only available to companies with more than 300 employees. It should be extended to small and medium-sized enterprises and used regardless of the form of employment of formal and informal employees. Anyone should be able to freely use it as long as they are a worker. In addition, childcare facilities should be expanded and made more convenient so that parents can use them at any time if needed. For example, art and cultural facilities, such as art and cultural halls, should further increase childcare facilities and services so that customers can participate at any time.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅲ
目次 Ⅴ
圖目次 Ⅶ
表目次 Ⅷ
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究必要性 1
第二節 研究問題與研究目的 8
第三節 研究流程與章節摘要 9
第四節 研究方法 11

第二章 文獻探討 22
第一節 韓國社會內女性的社會文化地位和認識 22
第二節 工作與家庭角色衝突 34
第三節 家庭友善制度 43
第四節 文化資本 48

第三章 受訪者藝文參與概況分析 54
第一節 受訪者的一般特性 54
第二節 藝術文化教育與藝術文化活動 57

第四章 職業婦女藝文參與經驗探討 67
第一節 訪談結果的界定與歸類 67
第二節 職業婦女的實例研究 70

第五章 結論 92
第一節 研究結果摘要 93
第二節 建議 95
第三節 研究的限制與後續研究建議 105

參考文獻 107

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