臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

路易斯·卡羅（Lewis Carroll）1865年的小說《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》是世界上最著名的奇幻小說之一。卡羅（Carroll）巧妙地利用時間和空間建立冒險故事的背景外，並讓故事主角透過解決各種問題變得更加有自信。作者在原本平凡無奇的故事中注入魔法和超能力的元素以及使用女性主角愛麗絲（Alice），在其冒險的過程中，不但作了十分生動且令人驚奇的描述，更在傳統的成長小說（Bildungsroman）中添加了女性主義的觀點。愛麗絲的叛逆行為，獨立性和勇氣直接批判了維多利亞婦女的傳統特徵及其社會地位。
本文旨在利用俄羅斯文學理論家米哈伊爾‧巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin）的時空型(Chronotope)概念，並研究了卡羅（Carroll）如何利用時空型(Chronotope)來重組旅程的時間表，講故事的節奏和情節的張力。也就是時空型(Chronotope)中的時間和空間不再簡單地只用於指示時間的流逝和定位普通的地點。接下來是定義米哈伊爾‧巴赫汀（Mikhail Bakhtin, 1895-1975）典型成長小說（Bildungsroman）的特徵，並闡明《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》（1865）可以被視為成長小說（Bildungsroman）。最後，這論文透過檢視故事中的行為模範，性別角色和性別不平等等問題來分析該小說如何被視為女性主義的成長小說。論文認為，運用奇幻小說(fantasy)中的時空型 (Chronotope)，使愛麗絲的冒險變得更具挑戰與艱辛外，其中使用女性主角愛麗絲（Alice）和他叛逆的行為表現翻轉維多利亞時代女性的刻板印象，讓《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》成為另類的女性主義成長小說。

Lewis Carroll’s 1865 novel, Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, is one of the world's most famous fantasy novels. Carroll’s ingenious use of time and space builds the adventurous backdrop for the heroine to grow up as a confident woman through problem solving challenges. By infusing magic as well as superpowers in contrast with mundane plots, Carroll adds magical realism into her female Bildungsroman. With an unconventional female protagonist, Alice’s rebellious behavior, independence, and bravery directly challenges the stereotypical images and status of women in Victorian society.
The thesis aims to analyze Lewis Carroll’s use of time and space in the fantasy novel with the Russian literary theorist M.M. Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope, and examine how Carroll uses the chronotope to restructure the timeline of the journey, the pace of the storytelling, and the tension of the plots. That is, time and space in the chronotope are no longer simply used to indicate time passing and locate ordinary places. Next, the thesis reconsiders the traditional Bildungsroman in terms of Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory and interprets Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) as a fantasy Bildungsroman. Finally, the thesis examines the issues of gender inequality in Victorian society, and analyzes how the novel can be regarded as a feminist Bildungsroman. The thesis argues that Lewis Carroll’s Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is a feminist Bildungsroman utilizing special arrangements of time and space to set up an arduous adventure for the brave female protagonist Alice in order to subvert the stereotypical images of Victorian women.

Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract iii
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 The Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Child Labor during the Victorian Era 1
1.2 The Influence of the Industrial Revolution on Women during the Victorian Era 5
1.3 The Chronotope Strengthening the elements of Fantasy in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 7
1.4 The Elements of Bildungsroman in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 13
1.5 Projecting the Situation of Victorian Women Through the Female Character Alice 17
Chapter Two: Restriction of Child Labor and the Rise of Women’s Rights in the Victorian Era in Children’s Literature
2.1 The Miserable Product, Child Labor, of the Industrial Revolution 22
2.2 The Rising Awareness of Protecting Children in the Late Era 26
2.3 The Slowly Changing Process of Women’s Equality in Victorian Era 28
2.4 The Victorian Authors Depicting the Social Status Through Children Literature 30
2.5 The Classic Work and Features of the Bildungsroman 31
Chapter Three: Chronotope and Mise en abyme in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
3.1 The Chronotope Allowing Authors to Build a Broad Expanse of Fantasy World 36
3.2 The Fantasy and the Chronotope in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland 40
3.3 The Nonsensical Events in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland 45
3.4 The Mise en abyme in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland 46
Chapter Four: Women’s Position in Victorian Era ― a Feminist Bildungsroman
4.1 Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland as a Bildungsroman 49
4.2 Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland as a Feminist Text 53
4.3 Self-adjusting in the Unstable Victorian Society 57
4.4 Outlining Negative Female Traits in the Victorian Era 61
Chapter Five: Conclusion 65
Works Cited 71

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