臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣像一個主權國家一樣運作，但它被否認和缺乏適當的國際承認。雖然它試圖被納入多邊和國際組織，但在大多數方面都失敗了。它尋求更大的國際參與已成為一種普遍現象，也是當前的熱門話題和熱議話題。它曾面臨無數挑戰。
該研究旨在考察台灣對參與國際和多邊組織的追求。它識別並描述了台灣作為一個異常國家尋求國際參與的挑戰和機遇。聯合國作為案例研究，評估台灣在尋求國際參與時所面臨的挑戰，而世貿組織則作為案例研究，評估台灣參與國際的機會。
定性方法被用來探索可用的文獻，並從關於確定主題的不同論點中得出推論。為了回答首要問題，該研究提出了四個子問題。即： 1. 阻
礙台灣加入聯合國的潛在因素是什麼？ 2. 什麼因素使台灣能夠加入
世貿組織？ 3. 如何克服台灣面臨的挑戰？ 4. 台灣作為自治國家的未來生存是否取決於其是否被納入國際和多邊組織？
這項研究的結果表明，台灣目前的異常狀態對其尋求國際參與構成了相當大的挑戰，因此必須採取務實的步驟來最大限度地發揮其自治姿態。這項研究聲稱完全獨立和改變台灣的憲法作為糾正台灣在國際社會中命運多舛的地位的方法。分析了台灣的政治和國際困境，發現台灣人民通過自決原則有能力將台灣轉變為無可爭議的主權國家。

Taiwan functions like a sovereign state but it is denied and devoid of proper international recognition. While it has attempted to be included in multilateral and international organizations, it has failed on most counts. Its quest for greater international participation has become a common phenomenon, and a current topical and hotly debated topic. It has faced countless challenges.
The research sought to examine Taiwan’s quest for participation in international and multilateral organizations. It identified and described the challenges and opportunities of Taiwan’s quest for international participation as an anomalous state. The United Nations was used as a case study to assess the challenges confronting Taiwan in its quest for international participation, while the WTO was used as a case study to assess the opportunities of Taiwan’s international participation.
Qualitative methods were used to probe the available literature and draw inferences from the different arguments on the determined topic. In an attempt to answer the overarching question, the study posed four sub questions. i.e.: 1. What are the underlying factors hindering Taiwan from joining the UN? 2. What factors enabled Taiwan’s membership in the WTO? 3. How can the challenges confronting Taiwan be overcome? 4. Does Taiwan’s future survival as a self- governing state depend on its inclusion in international and multilateral organizations?
The findings of this study revealed that Taiwan’s current anomalous status poses considerable challenges to its quest for international participation, and as such must take pragmatic steps to maximize it self-governing posture. This study purports complete independence and a change Taiwan’s constitution as ways to correct Taiwan’s ill-fated status within the international community. Having analyzed Taiwan’s political and international dilemma, it was found that the Taiwanese people through the principle of self-determination has the power to transform Taiwan into an undisputed sovereign state.

CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Background 3
1.3 Aim/Objective of Study 6
1.4 Research Statement of the Problem 8
1.4.1 Research Questions 9
1.5 International and Multilateral Organizations 9
1.6 Theoretical Approaches 11
1.6.1 Realism/Neo-Realism 13
1.6.2 Liberalism 14
1.6.3 Globalization 15
1.6.4 Sovereignty 17
1.6.5 Self-determination 17
1.6.6 Foreign Policy Analysis 18
1.7 Literature Review 19
1.8 Research Framework 25
1.9 Domain/Scope of Research 26
1.10 Restrictions/Delimitations 27
Chapter 2: Taiwan: An Overview 28
2.1 Historical Perspective 28
2.2 From Chinese to Japanese to Chinese Rule 28
2.2.1 Chinese Rule 1662-1895 28
2.2.2 Japanese Rule 1895-1945 29
2.2.3 Chinese Rule 1949 – Present? 29
2.3 The Constitution of Taiwan 30
2.4 Taiwan’s Major Political Parties: Ideologies 32
2.4.1 The KMT 32
2.4.2 The DPP 33
2.5 The Taiwanese People: Perceptions on National Issues 33
2.6 Foreigners Perception of Taiwan’s International Exclusion 35
2.7 Taiwan: A Problem that Requires a Solution 37
Chapter 3: The United Nations: Taiwan’s Exclusion 39
3.1 The Origins of the United Nations 39
3.2 Taiwan's Participation in the United Nations: Backdrop 40
3.3 Proposals for Taiwan’s UN Inclusion 42
3.4 Taiwan and the WHA/WHO 44
3.5 Theoretical Application to Taiwan and the United Nations 49
3.6 Challenges to Taiwan’s UN Quest 52
Chapter 4: Taiwan and the WTO 61
4.1 Historical Overview 61
4.2 GATT 62
4.3 The WTO 63
4.4 The Structure of the WTO 65
4.5 Functions of the WTO 65
4.6 Trade Rules 66
4.7 Arguments Against the WTO 67
4.8 Taiwan’s Acceptance into WTO 69
4.8.1 Taiwan, the WTO, and Globalization 72
4.8.2 Factors That Enabled Taiwan’s WTO Membership 75
4.8.3 Opportunities of Taiwan’s WTO Membership 76
Chapter 5: Results/ Discussion 78
5.1 Categorical Implications of Taiwan’s International Engagement 88
5.1.1 Political Implications 88
5.1.2 Economic Implications 90
5.1.3 National Security Implications 91
5.1.4 Diplomatic and International Implications 92
5.2 How can the Challenges Be Overcome? 96
5.3 Does Taiwan’s survival as a self-governing state depend on its participation in global institutions? 98
Chapter 6: Conclusion/Recommendation 102
6.1 Conclusion 102
6.2 Recommendation 108
6.3 Future Study 108
Bibliography 110

List of Tables
Table 1: Taiwan’s Bid for WHA/WHO 1997-2019 ....................................................... 44
Table 2: Taiwan’s Bid for Re-entry in UN 1993-2015 .................................................. 53
Table 3: Taiwan’s World Economic Ranking GDP (PPP) 1980-2020 .......................... 68
Table 4: Names used by Taiwan in International and Multilateral Organizations......... 83

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