臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

明膠銀鹽相片為臺灣官方及民間典藏相當豐富的攝影文物類型，然高溫潮濕的氣候容易造成黴害的生物性劣化。近年來文保修護人員採用乙醇蒸氣法進行文物之滅菌，本研究藉由實驗設計，以探討乙醇蒸氣法的滅菌效果，及對相片性質的影響，以評估乙醇蒸氣法應用於臺灣相片保存的適切性。
實驗流程分為「滅菌試驗」與「對相片之性質評估試驗」兩部分。滅菌試驗以不同試驗條件對植黴樣本進行乙醇蒸氣滅菌，再藉由觀察黴菌的復發性，尋求乙醇蒸氣法之有效參數。試驗結果顯示，濃度75%的乙醇蒸氣具有最佳的抗黴性，且滅菌成效，隨著處理時間增長而提高，植於相片上的Aspergillus niger、Penicillium sp.與Curvularia geniculate三種黴菌經乙醇蒸氣滅菌16至24hr時，對107-109（CFU/cm2）菌量可達到滅菌的目的。
對相片之性質評估試驗，旨在瞭解乙醇蒸氣處理造成的短期與長期變化，並釐清變化程度與參數之關係。方法為將新沖洗相片以不同試驗條件進行乙醇蒸氣處理，再搭配人工濕熱老化，最後測定各試片的顯微結構、化學結構、耐折度、粗糙度、酸鹼度、色差值和光澤度。由檢測結果得知，在短期與長期內，乙醇蒸氣處理僅對相片之光澤度與酸鹼度有顯著影響，其他檢測項目皆未呈現明顯變化。整體而言，乙醇蒸氣法可達到抑菌與滅菌成效，然必須在修復處理前，必須謹慎評估對相片光澤度與酸鹼度造成的變化影響。

Recently, ethanol vapor is gradually adopted as an antifungal treatment in photograph conservation. However, information on the antifungal efficacy and the effect of this implementation on the silver gelatin print is scarce and often inconsistent. The goal of the study is to clarify if ethanol vapor is effective and safe to use on silver gelatin print in the short as well as in the long term.
The results of the inactivation tests depend on alcohol concentration and treatment time. In a simulation of an interventive treatment of samples colonized by fungi, the best results were obtained with 75% ethanol applied for 16 to 20hours, showing fungicidal properties on three of the five-tested fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Curvularia geniculate). Newly print samples treated with 75% ethanol under six treatment time (4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24hr) were analysed before and after treatment and accelerated degradation respectively. Non-treated samples were used as controls in all analyses. Seven alterations caused by ethanol vapor were tested: microstructure, structure of the gelatin, folding endurance, roughness, pH value, color and gloss. According to the result, significant differences were observed on pH value and gloss of 75% ethanol on the tested print either in the short or in the long term. Conclusively, ethanol vapor revealed antifungal activity. Howerver, the change of gloss and pH values of the print should be carefully evaluated before treatment.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝辭 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 1
第三節 研究範圍與限制 3
第四節 研究方法與架構 5
第二章 文獻回顧 7
第一節 明膠銀鹽顯影型相片 7
第二節 黴害的發生 11
第三節 乙醇的滅菌機制 16
第四節 乙醇水溶液應用於文物滅菌處理相關文獻 18
第三章 實驗步驟與方法 21
第一節 實驗流程簡介 21
第二節 滅菌試驗方法 24
第三節 相片之性質評估試驗方法 30
第四章 實驗結果與討論 40
第一節 滅菌成效評估 40
第二節 乙醇蒸氣處理後相紙性質比較 43
第五章 結論與建議 59
第一節 結論與建議 59
第二節 後續研究 61
參考文獻 63
附錄一 乙醇安全資料表 72
附錄二 菌種鑑定 77
附錄三 SEM影像紀錄 78
附錄四 耐折度試驗數據（MIT） 84
附錄五 粗糙度數據 86
附錄六 pH值試驗數據 87
附錄七 顏色試驗數據 88
附錄八 光澤度試驗數據 90

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