臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究背景：根據內政部統計處出生人數的資料中可以看到104-106年新生兒出生人數持續逐年下降，因此新生兒的健康情形更需要得到重視。母親在孕期受到感染，經由接觸感染的產道或通過母乳哺餵可能導致新生兒感染疾病，也可能接觸醫療從業人員和醫院環境。照護人員洗手方式不當可造成手、奶瓶與奶嘴造成交互感染。臺灣位處亞熱帶與熱帶地區，呼吸道融合病毒（RSV）一年四季無明顯感染高峰期，然而對於新生兒呼吸系統可能有致命性影響。國人選擇至產後護理之家坐月子已蔚為風潮，在這其中隱藏的新生兒健康問題更不能忽視。
研究目的：（1）探討新生兒的基本屬性和醫療照護與新生兒感染疾病種類是否有相關性、（2）探討感染新生兒之母親基本屬性和醫療照護與新生兒感染疾病種類是否有相關性、（3）探討照護人員的基本屬性和專業技術與新生兒感染是否有相關性、（4）探討新生兒感染疾病種類之影響因子。
研究方法與工具：本研究為病歷回溯性研究（Chart Review），於新竹市某產後護理之家，收集104年到106年病歷資料，查閱112份感染新生兒病歷，有73位新生兒、感染新生兒之母親與52位照護人員進入分析。研究工具是自擬的『研究參與者醫療資料收集表』，資料採編碼方式處理。資料分析採用R語言進行，以描述性及推論性統計分析。
研究結果：（1）新生兒 出生體重與其受到感染的相關性較高 為顯著相關。 （2）母親方面的因素：感染新生兒之母親有懷孕合併症與自然生產的新生兒易受到感染有其相關性 ，13位母親有懷孕合併症與50位母親採自然產。（3）照護人員方面的因素：結膜炎感染、鵝口瘡感染與新生兒共病中照護人員的洗手技術正確率與疾病感染有相關性。
臨床結論與實務應用：照護人員衛教產前孕婦當產檢有異常時，與產科醫生進行醫療處置。低出生體重兒（≤2500g）入住後，監測感染新生兒的異常生命徵象與感染症狀，立即做出相符合的醫療建議與措施。對照護人員對於感控措施的教育訓練與臨床實務操作稽核，落實感染新生兒的病歷紀錄。

Abstract
Background: According to the data on the number of births of Department of Statistics, Ministry of the Interior, the number of births of neonates has continued to decline year by year from 2015 to 2017. Therefore the health of the neonates needs more attention. If the mother is infected during pregnancy, the neonates may acquire infectious diseases from contact with the infected birth canal or through breastfeeding, as well as from contact with health care practitioners and the hospital environment. Improper hand hygiene by healthcare providers could lead to cross-infection among hands, bottles and pacifiers. Taiwan is located in the subtropical and tropical regions with little difference through the year. Hence respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has no significant peak of infection throughout the year. However, it may cause a fatal effect on the newborn's respiratory system. Choosing postpartum centers to obtain the postnatal rest becomes very popular over the country. The health problems of neonates in postpartum centers cannot be ignored.
Aim and objectives: (1) To explore whether the basic characteristics of neonates and medical care are related to the types of neonatal infections. (2) To explore whether the basic characteristics of mothers and medical care of neonates infected are related to the types of neonatal infections. (3) To explore whether the basic characteristics of nursing staff and professional skills are related to neonatal infections. (4) To explore the influence factors of the types of neonatal infections.
Design and Methods: This research sign belongs to the retrospective chart review (RCR). The medical records are collected from 2015 to 2017 in a postpartum center in Hsinchu. A total of 112 neonatal infection medical records were reviewed to collect data of 73 neonatal infections and their mothers, as well as 52 caregivers. The research tool is the "Research Participant's Medical Data Collection Form" prepared through literature verification. Data was encoded for privacy. The collected data is coding. Data analysis was carried out by R language with descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: (1) Neonatal birth weight and infectious diseases have higher correlation. (2) Maternal factors: Pregnancy comorbidities and the mode of delivery of the mothers of infected neonates are highly correlated with and infectious diseases. In this study, 50 mothers had natural births and 13 mothers had pregnancy comorbidities. (3) Caregiver factors: conjunctivitis, thrush and comorbidity are correlated to the caregivers’ score for the accuracy of hand washing.
Conclusion and Practical Application: Health education during pregnancy is very important. The caregivers should notify the pregnant women medical to obtain medical treatment while there are abnormalities in the obstetric examination in health education to avoid affecting the fetus and newborn. When there are low birth weight infant (birth weight ≤ 2500g), special abnormal signs and symptoms of neonatal infection need to be monitored, and appropriate medical advice and measures. It is necessary to examine the caregivers on the education training and the audit of clinical practice of sensory measures, and to implement the single medical records of neonatal infections.
Keywords: postpartum care center, neonatal infected

目 錄
論文電子檔著作權受權書------------------------------------------------------ i
論文審定同意書---------------------------------------------------------------ii
誌謝------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------vi
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------viii
圖目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------- x
表目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------- xi
第一章 緒論----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
第一節 研究動機及重要性-----------------------------------------------------3
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------------ -------------------6
第三節 研究問題--------------------------------------------------------------7
第四節 研究假設------------------------------------------------------------- 8
第二章 文獻查證------------------------------------------------------------- 9
第一節 產後護理之家之概況與感控政策---------------------------------------- 9
第二節 產後護理之家從業人員之專業要求------------------------------------- 12
第三節 相關性研究回顧----------------------------------- -------------------15
第四節 淺談新生兒感染性疾病與照護----------------------- ------------------19
第三章 研究方法----------------------------------------- -------------------26
第一節 研究設計-------------------------------------------------------------26
第二節 研究架構------------------------------------------------------------- 27
第三節 名詞界定-------------------------------------------------------------28
第四節 研究對象場所與感控措施--------------------------------------------- 30
第五節 研究工具------------------------------------------------------------- 31
第六節 資料收集過程---------------------------------------------------------32
第七節 資料處理與統計分析-------------------------------------------------- 33
第八節 研究倫理------------------------------------------------------------ 34
第四章 研究結果------------------------------------------------------------ 36
第一節 新生兒感染疾病種類基本屬性與醫療照護分佈-------------------------- 36
第二節 感染新生兒之母親基本屬性與醫療照護分佈----------------------------- 41
第三節 照護人員基本屬性與專業技術分佈------------------- ------------------44
第四節 新生兒感染疾病種類之影響因子--------------------------------------- 47
第五章 研究討論----------------------------------------- -------------------53
第一節 感染疾病種類與新生兒基本屬性及醫療照護分析------- -----------------53
第二節 感染疾病種類與母親基本屬性與醫療照護分析-------------------------- 57
第三節 感染疾病種類照護人員基本屬性與專業技術照護人員基本屬性與專業技術分析---------------------------------------------------------------------------60
第四節 感染疾病種類之影響因子與相關性分析-------------------------------- -62
第六章 研究結論-------------------------------------------------------------64
第一節 結論----------------------------------------------------------------- 64
第二節 護理的應用與建議---------------------------------------------------- 66
第三節 研究的限制----------------------------------------------------------- 67
第四節 未來研究建議方向---------------------------------------------------- 68
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
中文部分------------------------------------------------ --------------------69
英文部分-------------------------------------------------------------------- 76
附錄------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83
附錄一 研究參與者醫療資料收集表------------------------------------------- 83
附錄二 人體試驗委員會同意臨床試驗證明文件--------------------- ------------92
圖目錄
圖3-2-1 研究架構------------------------------------------------------------27
圖4-1-2 感染新生兒共病發展時期-------------------------------------------- 38
圖4-4-5 特定感染疾病之影響因子模式----------------------------------------53
表目錄
表3-7-1 資料分析內容與統計分析方法資料分析內容與統計分析方法- -----------33
表4-1-1 新生兒感染疾病種類基本屬性---------------------------------------- 36
表4-1-3 新生兒感染結膜炎病程發展-------------------------------------------39
表4-1-4 新生兒感染之醫療照護-----------------------------------------------40
表4-2-1 新生兒感染之母親基本屬性-------------------------------------------42
表4-2-2新生兒感染之母親醫療照護- -----------------------------------------43
表4-3-1照護人員基本屬性----------------------------------------------------44
表4-3-2照護人員專業技術-------------------------------------------------- -46
表4-4-1感染新生兒之變項與感染疾病對應卡方檢定的p-value - ----------------48
表4-4-2疾病種類所建立的邏輯回歸的平均正確率------------------------------49
表4-4-3使用邏輯回歸分析感染新生兒的屬性與感染疾病種類之因素-------------50
表4-4-4感染疾病種類與照護人員專業屬性相關性------------------------------52

中文文獻
內政部戶政司（2018）．人口成長率．取自
https://www.ris.gov.tw/app/portal/346
內政部統計處 （2019）．內政統計查詢網（出生人數）．
取自http://statis.moi.gov.tw/micst/stmain.jsp?sys=100
王昱程（2014）．我的小孩"有一點"早產?取自
https://w3.tyh.com.tw/Clinical_ser/article/13/20140529_13_001.html
王怡方（2017）．探討「新手媽媽產後照護方案」對初產婦母育行為、母育信心、母嬰依附之成效．輔英科技大學護理系研究所學位論文，1-93。
天主教聖馬爾定醫院（2019）．鵝口瘡的照護．取自
http://www.stm.org.tw/stm_health14/%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99-
%E6%96%B0/L317%EF%BC%8A%E9%B5%9D%E5%8F%A3%E7%98%A
1%E7%9A%84%E7%85%A7%E8%AD%B7.pdf
中國醫藥大學兒童醫院（2016）．嬰幼兒常見眼疾-Eye Disorder-．取自https://www.onped.com/item/86-eye-disorder.html
田聖芳（2006）．台灣婦女產後照護之變遷-以北部地區為例．國立臺灣大學護理學研究所學位論文，1-246。
台灣兒童感染症醫學會（2018）．呼吸道融合病毒感染預防建議．取自https://www.pids.org.tw/image/files/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9%81%93%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0_20180630.pdf
全國法規資料庫 （2014）．護理機構分類設置標準．取自
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=L0020035
全國法規資料庫 （2018）．個人資料保護法．取自
https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=I0050021
杜晶瑩 （2006）．探討癌症病童臨終階段的醫療照護--2002~ 2003病歷回顧．臺灣大學護理學研究所學位論文，1-180。
吳美儒（2018）．產後護理之家產婦產後憂鬱經驗之探討．
中臺科技大學護理系研究所學位論文，1-119。
李孟樺、詹德富（2007）．產後照護中心的功能—淺談坐月子．高醫醫訊，27(3)，18。
林元淑（2014）．新生兒常見健康問題及其護理．於陳月枝總校閱，實用兒科護理學（七版，75-76頁）．臺北市：華杏。
林偉生（2019）．認識念珠菌～餵母乳注意寶寶鵝口瘡。取自
https://helloyishi.com.tw/parenting/breast-feeding/know-candida-albicans-and-baby-thrush/
紀鑫（2012）．2歲以下幼童注意！醫師籲嚴防RSV。取自
http://www.mmh.org.tw/info-news-detail.asp?id=734
紀鑫（2015）．呼吸道融合病毒感染之流行病學及預防．臺灣大學臨床研究所學位論文，1-110。
郭緒東、鄭煒達（2012）．呼吸道融合病毒簡介．家庭醫學與基層醫療，27(8)，293-298。
財團法人醫院醫院評鑑暨醫療品質策進會（2010）．正確洗手及洗手5時機稽核（一）手部衛生設備及表單介紹．取自
https://www.cdc.gov.tw/File/Get/ji-uQysTOwHCt-6l3h9Dgw
孫淑美 （2009）．概談產後機構感染管制措施．助產雜誌，(51)，30-33。
孫愛欣（2015）．《產後》：台灣坐月子文化．國立東華大學歷史學研究所學位論文，1-40。
涂嘉玲（2016）．比較不同坐月子地點之產後婦女母育信心與壓力知覺之差異性探討．國立臺北護理健康大學護理助產研究所學位論文，1-61。
陳郁慧 （2009）．產後母嬰健康照護之感染管制措施．取自 http://www.midwife.org.tw/upfiles/newsfile/981026lecture1.pdf
陳玨如（2014）．產後護理機構婦女產後憂鬱與睡眠品質之相關性研究．臺北醫學大學護理學系研究所學位論文，1-90。
陳倩儀（2015）．淺談嬰幼兒呼吸道融合病毒感染．兒童專欄，3。取自https://epaper.ntuh.gov.tw/health/201410/child_2.html
陳穎寬（2016）．淺談坐月子源流與行為禁忌．恩主公醫訊，18-21。取自http://www.eck.org.tw/files/243-18-21.pdf
陳信木、林佳瑩、吳永明、陳芋蓉、簡毓君（2017）．我國家庭結構發展推計（106年至115年）．國家發展委員會，1-216。取自
https://www.ndc.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=E4F9C91CF6EA4EC4&s=A6F127ED8DE2D161
陳恩惠（2017）．產後護理之家新生兒尿布性皮膚炎危險因子的調查．中臺科技大學護理系研究所學位論文，1-75。
陳俞婷（2018）．雙北地區部分樓層式產後護理之家比較研究．中華科技大學建築學研究所學位論文，1-85。
張芳全 (2010)．影響各國國民健康的國際評比因素:以教育、經濟、人口因素為主. NTTU Educational Research Journal，21(1)，57-92。
莊怡群（2015）．嬰幼兒常見的眼部疾病．
http://www.mmh.org.tw/taitam/ophth/news/Infant.html
崔立有（2017）．人類呼吸道融合病毒之預防及治療．藥師週刊，2031。
取自https://www.taiwan-pharma.org.tw/weekly/2031/2031-3-4.htm
曾瑞雲（2018）．感染控制概念．取自
http://hsiaoai.org.tw/admin/upload/201808221004061640.pdf
游資芸（2020）．新冠肺炎攻擊嬰兒！40天大嬰滿月宴被抱感染、8月嬰重症無咳嗽！醫：1歲內病情進展快．取自
https://www.mombaby.com.tw/parenting/babycare/articles/16945?fbclid=IwAR1MM_zXxPFFnGKE3MaMeFjwVAHWEUB_YsTzXSFrobOoaa3c9ire7Fr4pWw
國家網路醫藥（2012）．新生兒常見的傳染性疾病．取自
https://www.kingnet.com.tw/knNew/news/single-article.html?newId=26745
國立臺灣歷史博物館（2015）．生育文化．取自
https://women.nmth.gov.tw/information_42_39645.html
國家醫療科技評估中心（2015）．共病症與併發症．取自
https://nihta.cde.org.tw/Knowledge/cyclopedia_more?id=32
曹瑞雲（2018）．感染控制概念．取自
http://hsiaoai.org.tw/admin/upload/201808221004061640.pdf
黃千甄、巫曉玲、林峻邦、何宗融. （2015）．生化湯用於產後子宮復舊之文獻探析．中醫婦科醫學雜誌， (19)，1-11。
黃淑鶴（2015）．台灣婦女產後坐月子習俗形成、演變與運用之研究．國立陽明大學護理學系研究所學位論文，1-234。
黃紫娟（2017）．成套服務商業模式成功經營策略研究-以高級產後護理之家經營為例．明道大學企業管理學研究所學位論文，1-120。
臺北醫學大學附設醫院新生兒加護病房（2016）．呼吸道融合病毒．取自https://www.tmuh.org.tw/UploadFile/files/044%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E9
%81%93%E8%9E%8D%E5%90%88%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92(%E5%AC%B0%E5%B9%BC%E5%85%92).pdf
臺中醫院小兒科（2019）．新生兒眼藥膏之使用．取自
https://www.taic.mohw.gov.tw/?aid=509&pid=71&page_name=detail&type=0&iid=2755
廖沛瑀（2017）．影響孕婦對於產後護理之家服務利用之探討．國立中正大學企業管理學研究所學位論文，1-96。
蔡綠蓉（2014）．兒童呼吸系統疾病及其護理．於陳月枝總校閱，實用兒科護理學（七版，365-370頁）．臺北市：華杏。
劉璟（2008）．科学vs.传统之“坐月子”．南方人物週刊。取自
http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2008-07-29/132816021028.shtml
劉克森（2010）．某醫學中心新生兒重症加護病房的腺病毒結膜炎群突發感染．取自https://nics.org.tw/publicationhistory_view.php?id=256
衛生福利部國民健康署（2011）．母嬰親善醫院．取自
https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/List.aspx?nodeid=422
衛生福利部疾病管制署（2013）．淋病防治工作手冊．取自
https://www.cdc.gov.tw/File/Get/1qBP9dhsIpua_eQ99YooTg
衛生福利部國民健康署（2015）．「母乳哺育-掌握過去、規劃未來」~母乳一指通~．取自
https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=1132&pid=2455
衛生福利部護理及健康照護司（2016）．評鑑基準．取自
https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/donahc/lp-3857-104.html
衛生福利部疾病管制署（2018）．醫療機構新生兒與嬰兒照護單位感染管制措施指引．取自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/File/Get/60bsKS2D7llor4pLc1H_Jg
衛生福利部疾病管制署（2018）．產後護理機構感染管制措施指引．
取自https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Category/ListContent/FR9BZ-4u-
p4jZvbt_q6IXw?uaid=mmUFVFYorZGxiNzcy17OYg
衛生福利部護理及健康照護司（2019）．公告108年度產後護理機構評鑑基準．取自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DONAHC/np-3855-104.html
衛生福利部統計處（2019）．歷年產後護理機構現況及服務量統計．取自https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOS/cp-3906-40351-113.html
蘇珊玉、何銘、廖俊惠、謝慶良、李采娟、曹榮穎（2008）．產婦坐月子的生活飲食型態與產後短期生活品質、身體恢復及身心狀況之間相關研究．取自https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi7nKrO-PfjAhWNxYsBHalMAjsQFjAFegQIARAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdep.mohw.gov.tw%2FDOCMAP%2Fdl-10865-d0a7e8d3-e4c1-4323-b209-3371bb0e675c.html&usg=AOvVaw1NPSPWDAIbWss0ytRcLm8v
蘇柏文、吳宜珊、黃亭僑、邱漢媛（2019）．產婦的秘密基地--月子中心行銷策略之研究．1-11。取自
https://www.shs.edu.tw/works/essay/2019//2019032823010047.pdf
英文文獻
Al-Hussami, M., Darawad, M., & Almhairat, I. I. (2011). Predictors of compliance
handwashing practice among healthcare professionals. Healthcare Infection, 16(2), 79-84
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2015). Thrush and other candida infections
Retrieved form https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/infections/Pages/Thrush-and-Other-Candida-Infections.aspx
American Academy of Pediatrics. (2018). Eye - Pus or Discharge. Retrieved form
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/tips-tools/
symptom-checker/Pages/symptomviewer.aspx?symptom=Eye+-+Pus+or+Discharge
Agence France Presse. (2020) Coronavirus Transmission During Pregnancy Rare But Possible: Study. Retrieved form
https://www.barrons.com/news/coronavirus-transmission-during-pregnancy-rare-but-possible-study-01585238709
Barker, A. K., Brown, K., Siraj, D., Ahsan, M., Sengupta, S., & Safdar, N. (2017).
Barriers and facilitators to infection control at a hospital in northern India: a qualitative study. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 6, 35.
doi:10.1186/s13756-017-0189-9
Bergström, S. (2003). Infection-related morbidities in the mother, fetus and neonate. The Journal of nutrition, 133(5), 1656S-1660S.
Burr, S. E., Camara, B., Oluwalana, C., Bojang, E., Bottomley, C., Bojang, A., Bailey, R. L., Alessandro, U. D. & Roca, A. (2017). Does azithromycin given to women in
labour decrease ocular bacterial infection in neonates? A double-blind, randomized trial. BMC infectious diseases, 17(1), 799.
Cantey, J. B. (Ed.). (2018). Neonatal Infections: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Springer.
Caserta, T. M. (2015).Overview of Neonatal Infections. Retrieved from
http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/
infections-in-neonates/overview-of-neonatal-infections
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) in Newborns. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/index.html
Chan, G. J., Lee, A. C., Baqui, A. H., Tan, J., & Black, R. E. (2013). Risk of early-onset neonatal infection with maternal infection or colonization: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS medicine, 10(8), e1001502.
Chan, G. J., Lee, A. C., Baqui, A. H., Tan, J., & Black, R. E. (2015). Prevalence of early-onset neonatal infection among newborns of mothers with bacterial infection or colonization: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC infectious diseases, 15(1), 118.
Chen, S. N., Wang, P. H., Hsieh, M. F., Tsai, H. W., Lin, L. T., & Tsui, K. H. (2019).Maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension increases the subsequent risk of neonatal candidiasis: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 58(2), 261-265
Chomba, E., McClure, E. M., Wright, L. L., Carlo, W. A., Chakraborty, H., & Harris, H. (2008). Effect of WHO newborn care training on neonatal mortality by education. Academic Pediatrics, 8(5), 300-304.
Chu, H. Y., Tielsch, J., Katz, J., Magaret, A. S., Khatry, S., LeClerq, S. C., Shrestha L., Kuypers J., Steinhoff M., & Englund, J. A. (2017). Transplacental transfer of
maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibody and protection against RSV disease in infants in rural Nepal. Journal of Clinical Virology, 95, 90-95.
Cortese, F., Scicchitano, P., Gesualdo, M., Filaninno, A., De Giorgi, E., Schettini, F., Laforgia, N., & Ciccone, M. M. (2016). Early and late infections in newborns: where do we stand? A review. Pediatrics & Neonatology, 57(4), 265-273.
Edmond, K., & Zaidi, A. (2010). New approaches to preventing, diagnosing, and treating neonatal sepsis. PLoS medicine, 7(3), e1000213.
French, C. E., McKenzie, B. C., Coope, C., Rajanaidu, S., Paranthaman, K., Pebody, R., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., Noso-RSV Study Group, Higgins, J. P. T., & Beck, C. R. (2016). Risk of nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection and
effectiveness of control measures to prevent transmission events: a systematic review. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 10(4), 268-290.
Garg, R., Latimer, L., Wang, Y., Simko, E., Gerdts, V., & Potter, A. (2016). Maternal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with a novel combination adjuvant provides protection from RSV in newborn lambs. Vaccine, 34(2), 261-269.
General Manager RPA Women and Babies Service Improvement Committee (2015). Women and Babies: Infection Prevention and Control in NICU. Retrieved from
https://www.slhd.nsw.gov.au/rpa/neonatal/content/pdf/guidelines/InfectionControlGuidelineMar2015.pdf
Goddard, A. F., & Meissner, H. C. (2018). Passive Immunization. In Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (pp. 37-43). Elsevier.
Harding, A. (2017). Oral thrush in babies.Retrieved form
https://patient.info/health/oral-thrush-in-babies
Homaira, N., Sheils, J., Stelzer‐Braid, S., Lui, K., Oie, J. L., Snelling, T., Jaffe, A. & Rawlinson, W. (2016). Respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal
intensive care unit. Journal of medical virology, 88(2), 196-201.
Honkila, M., Renko, M., Ikäheimo, I., Pokka, T., Uhari, M., & Tapiainen, T. (2018). Aetiology of neonatal conjunctivitis evaluated in a population‐based setting. Acta Paediatrica, 107(5), 774-779.
Jin, J. (2019). Prevention of Gonococcal Eye Infection in Newborns. Jama, 321(4), 414-414.
Johnson, J., & Quach, C. (2017). Outbreaks in the neonatal ICU: a review of the literature. Current opinion in infectious diseases, 30(4), 395-403.
Jouglet, M., Wuillaume, I., Buchs, C., Reix, P., Schweitzer, C., & Coutier, L. (2019). Neonatal low respiratory tract chlamydia trachomatis infection: Diagnostic and treatment management. Respiratory medicine case reports, 28, 100852.
Kennedy, M., & Burnett, E. (2011). Hand hygiene knowledge and attitudes: comparisons between student nurses. Journal of Infection Prevention, 12(6), 246-250.
Khan, A. M., Morris, S. K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Neonatal and perinatal infections. Pediatric Clinics, 64(4), 785-798.
King, J., Pana, Z. D., Lehrnbecher, T., Steinbach, W. J., & Warris, A. (2017). Recognition and clinical presentation of invasive fungal disease in neonates and children. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 6(suppl_1), S12-S21.
Kraft, Sy. (2017) What happens when babies get oral thrush? Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/179069.php
Lawn, J. E., Blencowe, H., Oza, S., You, D., Lee, A. C., Waiswa, P., Lalli, M., Bhutta, Z., Barros, A. J., Christian, P. Mathers, C. & Cousens, S. N. (2014). Every
Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. The Lancet, 384(9938), 189-205.
Legeay, C., Bourigault, C., Lepelletier, D., & Zahar, J. R. (2015). Prevention of healthcare-associated infections in neonates: room for improvement. Journal of Hospital nfection, 89(4), 319-323.
Lee, Y. M., Song, K. H., Kim, Y. M., Kang, J. S., Chang, J. Y., Seol, H. J., Choi, & Y.S., Bae, C. W. (2010). Complete rooming-in care of newborn infants. Korean journal of pediatrics, 53(5), 634-638.
Makker, K., & Kaufman, E. J. (2019). Neonatal Conjunctivitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
O’Brien, K., Bracht, M., Robson, K., Xiang, Y. Y., Mirea, L., Cruz, M., Ng, E., Monterrosa, L., Soraisham, A., Alvaro, R., Narvey, M., Silva, O. D., Lui, K., Tarnow-Mordi, W., & Lee, S. K. (2015). Evaluation of the Family Integrated Care
model of neonatal intensive care: a cluster randomized controlled trial in Canada and Australia. BMC pediatrics, 15(1), 210.
Pak, K. Y., Kim, S. I., & Lee, J. S. (2016). Neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis in Korea in the 21st century. Cornea, 36(4), 415-418.
Pan-Ngum, W., Kinyanjui, T., Kiti, M., Taylor, S., Toussaint, J. F., Saralamba, S., Effelterre, T. V., Nokes, D. J., & White, L. J. (2017). Predicting the relative impacts of maternal and neonatal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine target product profiles: A consensus modelling approach. Vaccine, 35(2), 403-409.
Pittet, D., Allegranzi, B., Boyce, J., & World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts.
(2009). The World Health Organization guidelines on hand hygiene in health care and their consensus recommendations. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 30(7), 611-622.
Ranjit, R., Menezes, L., Drucker, M., Msukwa, G., & Batumba, N. (2014). Maternal and neonatal risk factors associated with vertical transmission of ophthalmia neonatorum in neonates receiving health care in Blantyre, Malawi. Middle East
African journal of ophthalmology, 21(3), 240.
Renfrew, M. J., McFadden, A., Bastos, M. H., Campbell, J., Channon, A. A., Cheung, N. F., & Wick, L. (2014). Midwifery and quality care: findings from a new evidence-informed framework for maternal and newborn care. The Lancet,
384(9948), 1129-1145.
Rhee, V., Mullany, L. C., Khatry, S. K., Katz, J., LeClerq, S. C., Darmstadt, G. L., & Tielsch, J. M. (2008). Maternal and birth attendant hand washing and neonatal mortality in southern Nepal. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 162(7), 603-608
Ruckwardt, T. J., Morabito, K. M., & Graham, B. S. (2016). Determinants of early life immune responses to RSV infection. Current opinion in virology, 16, 151-157.
Ryu, S., Kim, B. I., & Chun, B. C. (2018). An outbreak of respiratory tract infection due to Respiratory Syncytial Virus-B in a postpartum center. Journal of infection and chemotherapy, 24(9), 689-694.
Sachdeva, S. K., Dutta, S., Sabir, H., & Sachdeva, A. (2016). Oral Thrush in an Infant: A Case Report with Treatment Modalities. Pediatr Dent Care, 1(107), 2.
Sadeghi, H., Mehrabi, F., Darabiyan, P., Shabani, Y., & Bahrami, M. (2019). The impact of family-centered care and meeting the need to learn how much of global anxiety in parents of children with urinary tract infection: a randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 10(1), 68-74.
Shahid, E., Shaikh, A., Aziz, S., & Rehman, A. (2019). Frequency of Ocular Diseases in Infants at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Korean Journal of Ophthalmology, 33(3), 287-293.
Shelton, T. L., Jeppson, E. S., Johnson, B. H. (1987). Family-centered care for children with special health care needs. Association for the Care of Children's Health, 3615 Wisconsin Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20016.
Shivaraju, P., Purra, P., Bheemagani, N., & Lingegowda, K. (2015). Vaginal infections and its relation to preterm labour, PPROM, PROM and its outcome. International
Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 4(5), 1423.
Singh, N., & Perfect, J. R. (2007). Immune reconstitution syndrome and exacerbation of infections after pregnancy. Clinical infectious diseases, 45(9), 1192-1199.
Smolkin, T., Roth-Ahronson, E., Kranzler, M., Geffen, Y., Mashiach, T., Kugelman, A., & Makhoul, I. R. (2019). Optimizing Accessibility of a Hand-wash Gel to Infant’s
Cradle: Effect on Neonatal Conjunctivitis. The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 38(1), e7-e11.
Sowmya, P. Rajesh Voskula., & Bhanu, Prasad. (2016). Review on Neonatal Infections. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences,5(3),64-70.
Ten Hoope-Bender, P., de Bernis, L., Campbell, J., Downe, S., Fauveau, V., Fogstad, H., & Renfrew, M. J. (2014). Improvement of maternal and newborn health through midwifery. The Lancet, 384(9949), 1226-1235.
van de Wijgert, J. H., & Jespers, V. (2017). The global health impact of vaginal dysbiosis. Research in microbiology, 168(9-10), 859-864.
Vainionpää, A., Tuomi, J., Kantola, S., & Anttonen, V. (2019). Neonatal thrush of newborns: Oral candidiasis?. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research.
Vasileiou, E., Apsemidou, A., Vyzantiadis, T. A., & Tragiannidis, A. (2018). Invasive candidiasis and candidemia in pediatric and neonatal patients: A review of current
guidelines. Current medical mycology, 4(3), 28.
Vergnano, S., Buttery, J., Cailes, B., Chandrasekaran, R., Chiappini, E., Clark, E., Cutland, C., Andrade., S. D. D., Esteves-Jaramillo, A., Guinazu, J. R., Jones, C., Kampmann, B., King, J., Kochhar, S., Macdonald, N., Mangili, A., Martins, R. D. M., Muñoz, C. V., & Heath, P. T. (2016). Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety
data. Vaccine, 34(49), 6038-6046.
Vergnano, S., & Heath, P. T. (2017). Fetal and neonatal infections. Medicine, 45(11), 715-722. doi:10.1016/j.mpmed.2017.08.011
World Executive Board. (2018). Defining competent maternal and newborn health professionals. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/governance/eb/en/
Zhang, X., Liao, Q., Wang, F., & Li, D. (2018). Association of gestational diabetes mellitus and abnormal vaginal flora with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Medicine, 97(34).
Zikic, A., Schünemann, H., Wi, T., Lincetto, O., Broutet, N., & Santesso, N. (2018). Treatment of neonatal chlamydial conjunctivitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 7(3), e107-e115.