臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主要在開發一兼具發電性能改善之太陽光電模組陣列(photovoltaic module arrays, PVMAs)的線上故障診斷系統。考量太陽光電模組陣列之部分模組發生遮蔭或故障情形下會使其 P-V 輸出特性曲線產生多峰值現象，故採用粒子群最佳化(particle swarm optimization, PSO)演算法進行全域最大功率點追蹤(global maximum power point tracking, GMPPT)，以確保模組陣列能輸出最大功率。因太陽光電模組陣列採全部跨接 (total-cross-tied, TCT) 連接，且控制其工作在全域最大功率點(global maximum power point, GMPP)，故當部分模組發生遮蔭或故障時，可依據其橫跨於模組間之線段電流的方向及大小，即時判斷出受遮蔭或故障模組的位置。首先，以電流感測電路將電流信號送至德州儀器公司所生產之 TMS320F2809 數位信號處理器(digital signal processor, DSP)，並依據其電流方向及大小兩個特徵判斷出被遮蔭或故障模組的正確位置。然後，透過所提出之太陽光電模組陣列即時故障檢測系統，可在複數塊模組發生遮蔭或故障時，藉由將模組陣列採全部跨接連接，減少太陽光電模組陣列之輸出功率損失。而若僅單塊模組發生遮蔭或故障時，則將太陽光電模組陣列改採串併聯連接(series- parallel, SP)，以提高其發電量。最後，將故障模組之位置透過LED 予以顯示，以便引導維修人員確認故障模組之位置，並快速進行故障排除。

The purpose of this thesis was to develop an on-line fault diagnosis system with power generation improvement for photovoltaic module arrays (PVMAs) system. Considering that parts of the PVMAs are under shading or fault, the power-voltage (P-V) output characteristic curves will occur a multi-peak phenomenon, therefore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used for global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) to ensure that the module arrays can output the maximum power. However, the PVMAs are connected in total-cross-tied (TCT) connection, and are controlled to work at the global maximum power point (GMPP), when parts of modules are under shading or fault, according to the direction and magnitude of the line-current across the modules, the location of shading or fault module will be found out immediately. According to the two characteristics of the direction and magnitude of current to determine the correct location of the shaded or faulty module. And then, through the proposed of PVMAs fault detection system, when a plurality of modules are shading or fault, the TCT connection for PVMAs will be made to reduce the output power loss. However, if just a single module is shading or fault, PVMAs will be changed to the series-parallel (SP) connection to increase power generation. Finally, the location of the faulty module will be displayed through LED, so as to guide the maintainer to confirm the location of the module fault and quickly conduct troubleshooting.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景及動機 1
1.2 研究方法 2
1.3 論文大綱 3
第二章 太陽光電發電系統 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 太陽光電發電系統之工作原理 9
2.3 直流/直流轉換器 12
2.3.1 升壓型轉換器之工作原理 13
2.3.2 升壓型轉換器之元件設計 15
2.4 太陽光電模組陣列在不同故障條件下之輸出特性 19
2.5 既有太陽光電模組陣列之故障診斷方法 25
2.5.1 太陽光電模組陣列之電致發光影像診斷方法 25
2.5.2 太陽光電模組陣列之熱影像診斷方法 26
2.5.3 太陽光電模組陣列串併聯差異之故障診斷方法 27
2.5.4 太陽光電模組陣列之戴維寧等效電阻故障診斷方法 28
2.6 既有太陽光電模組陣列之連接組態與排列方式 28
2.6.1 太陽光電模組陣列之開關選用 28
2.6.2 傳統型太陽光電模組陣列連接組態 30
2.6.3 改良型太陽光電模組陣列連接組態 40
第三章 太陽光電發電系統之最大功率追蹤 43
3.1 前言 43
3.2 太陽光電發電系統之傳統型最大功率追蹤法 44
3.2.1 定電壓追蹤法 44
3.2.2 功率回授法 46
3.2.3 擾動觀察法 48
3.2.4 增量電導法 50
3.3 粒子群演算法 53
3.3.1 數位信號處理器介紹 56
3.3.2 結合粒子群演算法之最大功率追蹤 57
第四章 所提太陽光電模組陣列之線上故障診斷方法 64
4.1 前言 64
4.2 太陽光電模組陣列故障特性分析 64
4.3 太陽光電模組陣列之故障檢測模式分析 73
4.3.1 非左右兩側單塊模組發生故障 75
4.3.2 左右兩側單塊模組發生故障 76
4.3.3 非左右兩側之兩塊模組同時發生故障 78
4.3.4 同一列左右兩側模組同時發生故障 81
4.3.5 非相鄰之兩塊模組同時發生故障 83
4.3.6 左右兩側上下相鄰之兩塊模組發生故障 85
4.3.7 左右相鄰之兩塊模組發生故障 89
第五章 兼具發電性能改善之太陽光電模組陣列線上故障檢測器 102
5.1 前言 102
5.2 兼具太陽光電模組陣列配置之線上故障診斷電路架構 102
5.3 實測結果 103
第六章 結論 117
6.1 總結 117
6.2 未來展望 117
參考文獻 119

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