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研究生:劉健合
研究生(外文):Liu, Chien-Ho
論文名稱:台灣海釣管理策略及船釣漁獲量之研究
論文名稱(外文):An investigation of Taiwan's angling management strategies and boat angling catch
指導教授:陳璋玲陳璋玲引用關係
指導教授(外文):Chen, Chung-Ling
口試委員:莊士賢高世明曾煥昇林饒惓陳璋玲
口試日期:2022-06-30
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立成功大學
系所名稱:海洋科技與事務研究所
學門:自然科學學門
學類:海洋科學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2022
畢業學年度:110
語文別:中文
論文頁數:307
中文關鍵詞:海釣漁獲量管理策略
外文關鍵詞:recreational sea anglingmanagementmulti-criteria decision-markingboat angling catch
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台灣的海釣活動日益蓬勃,參與的釣客越來越多,也越來越受歡迎。而目前還沒有中央主管的法律或是管理架構,針對海釣活動進行管理或規範。本研究為瞭解台灣休閒海釣活動各利害關係人對整體海釣管理策略之態度與看法,提出海釣管理之初步建議,進而調查海釣船釣活動之漁獲組成和全年釣獲量,做為未來制定管理措施的參考。首先以層級分析法涉及半結構式訪談、德爾菲法與模糊層級分析法等三個階段過程。透過文獻回顧和海釣活動利害關係人之訪談結果,盡可能收集各式各樣的潛在管理目標與管理策略措施,接續使用修正式德爾菲法驗證在第一階段收集的結果,並以模糊層級分析法建立三層評估結構並計算驗證的各項管理目標與策略措施的權重,潛在管理目標與管理策略措施。以層級分析法整體權重分析結果,在台灣海釣管理可能策略的總目標下,第二層為海釣活動管理目標,代表海釣活動的管理面向與管理目標,主要為管理/執行、資源使用、生態/環境與教育/宣導等四個目標。第三層管理措施的部分則篩選出劃設沿近海岸之釣魚活動專區釣魚與水上活動分區使用、設立釣魚證照或釣客登記的制度、特定區域設立禁漁期、建立漁獲物回報制度、設立回報系統、垂釣資訊提供、設置釣點管理人員與設施、訂定明確的海釣法規並落實監督和執行漁業相關規定、考慮所有休閒漁業利益相關者的意見,和明確規範商業捕撈與海釣、限制特定魚種不得垂釣、限制商業捕撈的捕撈總量、休閒釣魚所釣獲的漁獲物需經魚市場機制買賣、限制釣客可保留之釣獲魚體尺寸、限制釣客可釣獲魚體數量、僅能垂釣後釋放,和休閒釣魚所釣獲的漁獲物不得買賣、增加人工魚礁或魚種棲息地、保護海洋生物的多樣性、建立安全且優質的海釣環境,和確保釣客能釣獲大量且多種的魚類,以及環境教育與海洋活動安全教育等22個管理措施。其次,收集央請娛樂漁業漁船之樣本船提供全年船釣活動航行紀錄,估計海釣活動的全年漁獲總量。台灣周邊海域娛樂漁船經營海釣活動,2017年所收集到的樣本船航次作業資料共計44艘,佔全國經營海釣活動娛樂漁船的24.18%,總共紀錄作業航次為6,916天(次),海釣漁獲量約為1,189公噸。2018年所收集到的樣本船共計35艘,佔全國經營海釣活動娛樂漁船的19.23%,總共紀錄作業航次為5,877天(次),海釣漁獲量約為952公噸。依據樣本船航次資料與漁業署公告之合法娛樂漁船名單,針對台灣周邊各海域海釣活動之全年釣獲量進行估算,2017年海釣活動估計釣獲5,121.1公噸之漁獲物,而2018年約釣獲5,972.0公噸之漁獲物,較前一年釣獲之漁獲物略多。海釣活動所釣獲之各魚種,依2017~2018年之平均釣獲量,由最多到最低依序之前十大漁獲物為:帶魚屬年平均約1782公噸、鎖管年平均約785公噸、花腹鯖年平均約723公噸、其他鰺科年平均約669公噸、其他海水魚類年平均約612公噸、黑棘鯛年平均約203公噸、其他鯛科年平均約109公噸、真鰺年平均約108公噸、黃背牙鯛年平均約105公噸,以及其他鮨科年平均約93公噸。
SUMMARY
The objective of this thesis is to identify potential management strategies pertaining to angling in Taiwan where angling is virtually devoid of management. A three-step approach is used—semi-structured interviews, modified Delphi technique, and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process—to develop an inclusive list of potential strategies and construct a three-level structure with strategies and associated weights. It is intended to inform managers of what strategies they may take if management on angling is needed. The results show that angling sites and resource use are considered relatively important dimensions in the second level. Among 22 items, protect marine biodiversity, increase habitat, environmental education, safety education, safe and high-quality fishing environment, restricting specific species, Formulate fishing regulations, limit total catch of commercial fishing, restriction on catch sale and conservation efforts, are the top ten rankings in the third level. Management implications from the findings were discussed, with an emphasis on the priority strategies such as establishing safe angling sites and safety education. These strategies reflect the current shared societal, economic, and environmental aspirations of a wide range of stakeholders and facilitate charting the journey towards a managed angling domain.
This study aims to collect scientific data for boat angling activity, through the sampling vessels and collection of logbooks, to understand the catch composition and community structure of the fishery resources for boat angling in waters off Taiwan in years of 2017-2018. The results are summaried as follows: The main species of fish be caught in marine recreational fishing are: East Asian fourfinger threadfin(Eleutheronema spp. & Polydactylus plebeius); Ribbonfish (Trichiurus lepturus); Scomber (Acanthocybium solandri, Euthynnus affinis, Katsuwonus pelamis, Rastrelliger faughni, Sarda orientalis, Scomber spp., Scomberomorus spp., Thunnus spp.); Croaker(Argyrosomus japonicus, Johnius distinctus, Miichthys miiuy, Nibea albiflora, Otolithes ruber, Pennahia spp., Protonibea diacanthus); Cobia (Rachycentridae spp.); Sea bream(Acanthopagrus spp., Dentex hypelosomus, Pagrus major, Pampus argenteus, Leiognathus equulus, Cirrhitus pinnulatus); Mackerel scad (Alectis indica, Carangoides hedlandensis, Caranx spp., Decapterus spp., Elagatis bipinnulata, Megalaspis cordyla, Scomberoides spp., Selar crumenophthalmus, Seriola dumerili, Seriolina nigrofasciata, Trachinotus spp., Trachurus japonicus); Seaperch (Etelis coruscans, Lutjanus spp., Paracaesio caerulea); Basses (Cephalopholis boenak, Cromileptes altivelis, Epinephelus spp., Plectropomus leopardus); Red bigeye fish (Priacanthus hamru &, Priacanthus macracanthus); Cuttlefish (Sepiidae and Loliginidae ) and Squid (Uroteuthis chinensis).
摘 要 i
Abstract iii
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 3
1.3 研究架構 8
1.4 研究限制 10
第二章 文獻回顧 12
2.1 國外海釣管理策略 13
2.2 我國海釣活動管理規定 18
2.2.2 台灣友善釣魚行動方案 30
2.3 各國對於海洋休閒漁業之研究 31
2.3.1 釣客對於管理措施之態度相關研究 31
2.3.2 海釣漁獲組成與釣獲量 34
2.4 我國的海釣活動之相關研究 44
2.5 小結 48
第三章 台灣海釣管理可能策略 59
3.1 研究方法 59
3.1.1 半結構式訪談 61
3.1.2 修正式德爾菲法 65
3.1.3 模糊層級分析法 68
3.2 結果 72
3.2.1 選定評估因子之共識值 72
3.2.2 建立AHP三級層次結構 77
3.2.3 海釣活動管理之管理目標與管理措施 79
3.3 討論 83
第四章 船釣漁獲量之初探 91
4.1 研究方法 91
4.1.1 港口實地訪視與訪談 91
4.1.2 海釣漁獲量推估 109
4.2 釣獲量推估 112
4.2.1 各海域釣獲量 112
4.2.2 漁獲量推估 218
4.2.3 漁業捕撈量比較 235
4.3 討論 244
第五章 結論與建議 251
5.1 結論 251
5.2 建議 256
參考文獻 260
英文文獻 260
中文文獻 266
附錄一 整合漁獲報表與漁業年報之代號 268
附錄二 樣本船漁獲記錄簿格式 279
附錄三 海釣活動相關資訊(含業者船家資訊) 283
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