臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在水和廢水中，高濃度的氨存在於農田中為常見的活性氮 (N) 形式，其毒性對農業永續性和人類健康構成巨大威脅，因此應予以去除。在此研究中，選用農業剩餘資材包含茭白筍殼和香蕉皮來製作生物炭，用於水環境中的氨處理。過氧化氫 (H2O2) 用於氧化生物炭材料，再結合球磨技術以提高氨的吸附能力。較低的熱解溫度和較長的過氧化氫氧化時間，有助於提升茭白筍殼和香蕉皮生物炭的氨去除效率。經球磨與氧化處理的茭白筍殼生物炭 (Ba-OW) 與香蕉皮生物炭 (Ba-OB) 的最大氨吸附量 (Qmax) 分別為11.64 mg/g和9.03 mg/g。氨吸附過程符合Langmuir等溫吸附模式，亦符合擬二階動力模式，相關係數高 (R2 > 0.93)。此外，改質的生物炭在廣泛的溫度、溶液pH、吸附劑用量範圍和共存正離子的存在下，具良好氨吸附容量潛力。本研究亦證實氧化處理的生物炭 (OBCs) 和球磨處理的生物炭 (Ba-OBCs) 在吸附氨氮後，均具有釋放氨氮能力，適合先吸附去除水中氨氮後，再回歸農田做為含N-K的緩速釋型肥料，以促進植物生長，並減少化肥使用。

n water and wastewater, high ammonium levels, a common form of reactive nitrogen (N) in farmland, pose a great threat to sustainable agriculture and human health. It should be eliminated due to its toxicity. In this study, the agricultural residues involving water bamboo husks and banana peels were utilized to produce biochar for ammonium treatment in the aqueous environment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was applied to produce oxidized materials and then combined with ball-milling technique to enhance ammonium adsorption capacity. The low pyrolysis temperature with a longer oxidation time was more favorable for the ammonium removal efficiency of water bamboo husks and banana peels feedstocks. The maximum ammonium capacity (Qmax) of Ba-OW and Ba-OB achieved were 11.64 mg/g and 9.03 mg/g, respectively. The ammonium adsorption process fitted well the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second kinetic models with high correlation coefficiency (R2 > 0.93). Additionally, modified BCs showed the great potential of ammonium adsorption capacity under a wide range of temperatures, pH solutions, the dosage of adsorbents, and the presence of co-existing positive ions. The proven ability of ammonium release of OBCs and Ba-OBCs made them promising adsorbents to be promoted as N-K-laden slow-fertilizer for plant growth.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgments i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations x
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Objectives 2
1.3 Research Contents 2
1.4 Thesis Structure 3
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Ammonium Removal by Adsorbent Materials 4
2.2 Biochar Preparation Techniques 6
2.2.1 Biochar Production Technology 6
2.2.2 Biochar Characterization 6
2.2.3 Key Parameters for Producing Biochar Aiming to Ammonium Adsorption 7
2.2.4 Modification Methodologies 8
2.3 Factors Influencing Ammonium Adsorption in Wastewater 10
2.3.1 Initial Solution pH 10
2.3.2 Co-existing Ions 10
2.3.3 Ambient Temperature 10
2.4 Mechanisms of Ammonium Removal by Biochar 11
2.4.1 Surface Area 11
2.4.2 Ion Exchange 11
2.4.3 Surface Functional Groups 11
2.5 Biochar-Based Slow-Release Fertilizer Potential 12
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHOD 14
3.1 Materials Preparation 14
3.1.1 Biomass Feedstock Preparation 14
3.1.2 Biochar Materials Preparation 14
3.1.3 Target Pollutants and Chemical Substances Preparation 16
3.2 Biochars Characteristics 16
3.2.1 Biochar Yield 16
3.2.2 pH 16
3.2.3 Determination of pHzpc 16
3.2.4 Physicochemical Analyses 16
3.3. Adsorption Experiments 17
3.3.1 Investigating the Optimal Parameters for Modifying BCs 17
3.3.2 Modeling Studies 19
3.3.3 Evaluating the Factors Affecting the Adsorption Capacity 23
3.4 Desorption Experiments 25
3.5 Seed Germination 25
3.6 Measurement and Analytical Methods 26
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS 27
4.1 Biochars Characteristics 27
4.1.1 Biochar Yield 27
4.1.2 pH of Biochars 27
4.1.3 pHzpc of Biochars 28
4.1.4 Physicochemical Analyses 29
4.2 Adsorption Experiments 36
4.2.1 Optimal Parameters for Modifying BCs 36
4.2.2 Modeling Studies 40
4.2.3 Factors Affecting the Adsorption Capacity 44
4.3 Desorption Experiments 47
4.4 Seed Germination 48
4.5 Cost analysis 51
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 52
5.1 Conclusions 52
5.2 Recommendations 53
References 54
Appendix 62
Appendix 1.1. The yield of W and B at different temperatures. 62
Appendix 1.2. The pHzpc of different adsorbents. 63
Appendix 2.1. The ammonium adsorption capacity of PBCs at different temperatures. 65
Appendix 2.2. The ammonium adsorption capacity of OBCs at different temperatures. 65
Appendix 2.3. The ammonium adsorption capacity of OBCs at different oxidation time. 65
Appendix 2.4. The ammonium adsorption capacity of ball-milled PBCs and ball-milled OBCs. 65
Appendix 3.1. Adsorption isotherms of ammonium by OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 65
Appendix 3.2. Adsorption kinetics of ammonium by OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 68
Appendix 3.3. Adsorption thermodynamics of ammonium by OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 70
Appendix 3.4. The effect of pH solution on the ammonium adsorption capacity of OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 70
Appendix 3.5. The effect of dosage on the ammonium adsorption capacity of OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 71
Appendix 3.6. The effect of co-existing cations on the ammonium adsorption capacity of OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 71
Appendix 4.1. The ammonium desorption capacity of OBCs and Ba-OBCs. 72

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