臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究調查青少年女子跆拳道選手出生月的人數分佈，以了解是否有相對年齡效應的存在。研究對象為國高中女子跆拳道選手114人，收集每位選手出生月份以及賽事成績等資料，出生月依照開學9月做為基準，並分四季進行統計，成績則依參加全國賽事曾獲前4名者為優秀組，其餘為次佳組。數據以SPSS 22.0中文版統計軟體處理，分別進行描述性統計和卡方檢定分析。結果顯示選手第1-4季出生人數分別為37、26、22、29人，經卡方檢定P值為.236，人數分布差異不顯著。優秀與次佳組人數分別為37與77人，優秀組1-4季出生人數分別為13、10、6、8人，卡方檢定P值為.409，人數分佈差異不顯著。次佳組1-4季出生人數分別為37、26、22、29人，卡方檢定P值為.488，四季人數分佈差異不顯著。根據本研究，優秀青少年女子跆拳道選手四季總人數分佈，以及優秀組和次佳組都不具相對年齡效應。推測原因是青少女因發育成熟時間較男生早，多數青少年女子跆拳道選手在進到國中後成長速度下降許多，加上跆拳道賽事分量級比賽，出生月較晚、體型較小的運動員可以參加較輕量級的賽事而不受影響。

關鍵詞：技擊運動、成長、性別差異

This study investigated the distribution of birth month of adolescent female taekwondo athletes to discern the relative age effect. 114 female taekwondo players in junior and senior high school were recruited in this study. The birth month and results in competition events of each player were collected.
Because the school year started in September, birth month between September and November was grouped as season 1, and birth month between December-February, March-May, and June-August, were grouped as season 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Performance of these athletes was divided as the elite and the sub-elite. Those won a medal in a national-wide game in the past year were grouped as the elite and the others were grouped as the sub-elite. The data was processed with SPSS 22.0 Chinese version statistical software with descriptive statistics and chi-square test analysis were performed. The statistical test level is set to α = .05. The results showed that the number of athletes in the first to fourth seasons was 37, 26, 22, and 29, respectively. The chi-square test showed the numbers of four seasons were not significantly different. In the elite 37 athletes, the numbers of fourth seasons were 13, 10, 6, and 8, respectively, and chi-square test showed the difference of the number was not significant. In the sub-elite 77 athletes, the numbers of fourth seasons were 37, 26, 22, and 29, and likewise, difference of the number was not significant in the chi-square test. According to this study, the relative age effect was not existed in these young female taekwondo players, even in the elite group. In general, young females matured earlier than the young males. The young female athletes of this study may pass the growth spurt, and hence the advantage of earlier mature diminished. Moreover, events of taekwondo competition are categorized by weight classes, young female athletes who born later may have a smaller body size hence be benefitted to compete in lighter weight classes.

Keywords: combat sports, growth, gender difference.

摘要 II
Abstract III
謝誌 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 7
第三節 研究假設 8
第四節 研究限制 9
第五節 名詞解釋及操作性定義 10
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 跆拳道在台灣的發展現況 11
第二節 青少年跆拳道選手的選才 13
第三節 相對年齡效應 16
第四節 總結 19
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 20
第一節 實驗對象 21
第二節 實驗架構與流程 22
第三節 實驗工具與測量方法 23
第四節 實驗資料處理與分析 24
第四章 研究結果 25
第一節 研究參與者資料表 26
第二節 研究參與者出生月人數分佈 27
第三節 出生月份依四季分析卡方檢定 28
第四節 各四季身高等單因子變異數分析 29
一、各四季總人數身高等單因子變異數分析 29
二、各四季優秀組身高等單因子變異數分析 30
三、各四季次佳組身高等單因子變異數分析 31
第五章 討論 32
第一節 女子青少年跆拳道運動員出生四季之分析 32
二、相對年齡效應對於選才和訓練方面之影響 35
第六章 結論與建議 38
第一節 結論 38
第二節 建議 39
參考文獻 40
表目錄
表4-1-1 研究參與者資料表 26
表4-2-1研究參與者出生月人數分布 27
表4-4-1 出生月份依四季分析卡方檢定 28
表4-3-1各四季總人數身高等單因子變異數分析 29
表4-3-2各四季優秀組身高等單因子變異數分析 30
表4-3-3各四季次佳組身高等單因子變異數分析 31

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