臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

針對空間域藏密技術中基於像素值差異(Pixel Value Differencing, PVD)藏密法之低藏密量影像，現有相對應的特定藏密分析技術，偵密效能尚有精進空間；針對可廣泛偵密多種藏密法之通用藏密分析技術，普遍使用已知的藏密特徵訓練分類器，再檢測已知藏密技術，無法滿足偵測未知藏密技術之需求。因此，本論文針對PVD藏密法與其改良型藏密法，分別提出特定藏密分析技術；針對基於PVD與基於最低有效位元取代法(Least Significant Bit, LSB)藏密法等多種藏密技術，提出通用藏密分析檢測策略。
研究假設原始影像之像素差值具拉普拉斯分布(Laplace Distribution)特性，祕密訊息為隨機亂數產生的均勻分布位元字串，本研究基於統計特徵，針對PVD藏密法與改良型PVD藏密法，計算藏密前後影像像素差值的統計量(Statistics)差異，分別提出適用於低藏密量的特定藏密分析技術，實驗結果相較於現有藏密分析技術，均有較高的準確率與較低的誤判率；針對基於PVD與基於LSB藏密法多種藏密技術，將相鄰像素差值轉移機率的統計量差異視為特徵，透過多種特徵組合訓練，提出通用藏密分析檢測策略，實驗結果顯示，僅需要訓練少數已知的藏密特徵，即可以偵測未訓練的未知藏密技術，並且達到預期的準確率，符合實際偵密場景。

For low embedding images based on the pixel value differencing (PVD) method, specific steganalysis techniques can be further refined. For universal steganalysis techniques that can detect various steganography methods, training of classifiers with known features and techniques to meet the detection need of unknown methods are required. This study aimed to develop a specific steganalysis technique for existing and modified PVD steganography and a universal steganalysis technique for a variety of PVD- and least significant bit (LSB)-based methods. The PVD of the original images was assumed to have Laplace distribution features, and the secret information was assumed to be a uniformly distributed bit-stream generated by random numbers. Based on statistical features, specific steganography techniques are proposed, and the statistical difference of PVD between pre- and post-embedding images is calculated for low embedding images and modified PVD steganography. Compared with the results of the existing secret analysis techniques, the experimental results indicated that the proposed techniques have a higher accuracy and lower misjudgment rate. For many steganography techniques based on PVD and LSB, the statistical difference in the probability of transfer between adjacent pixels is considered a feature. Thus, a universal steganography detection strategy is proposed by training several combinations of features. Only a few known features are required to be trained to detect the untrained methods and achieve the expected accuracy, which is consistent with the actual detection scenario.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 ix
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文架構 4
2. 數位影像藏密法與藏密分析技術 5
2.1 前言 5
2.2 空間域藏密技術之安全性驗證 8
2.3 PVD藏密法之藏密分析技術 12
2.4 MPVD藏密法之藏密分析技術 21
2.5 MFPVD藏密法之藏密分析技術 25
2.6 多向PVD藏密法 28
2.7 結合LSB與PVD藏密法之藏密分析技術 29
2.8 結合邊緣吻合法與PVD藏密法 30
2.9 綜合分析 31
3. 研究假設與評量指標 33
3.1 研究假設 33
3.2 影像類型 34
3.3 藏密分析技術類型 35
3.4 藏密分析評量指標 35
4. 基於統計特徵之PVD藏密法分析技術 37
4.1 前言 37
4.2 分析PVD藏密技術 38
4.3 設計PVD藏密法分析技術 43
4.4 實驗結果與分析 45
5. 基於統計特徵之MPVD藏密法分析技術 66
5.1 前言 66
5.2 分析MPVD藏密技術 67
5.3 設計MPVD藏密法分析技術 70
5.4 實驗結果與分析 73
6. 基於統計特徵之通用藏密法分析技術檢測策略 85
6.1 前言 85
6.2 通用藏密法特徵分析 85
6.3 設計通用藏密分析檢測策略 88
6.4 實驗結果與分析 89
7. 結論與未來研究方向 119
7.1 結論 119
7.2 未來研究方向 120
參考文獻 121

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