臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文旨在實現具有阻抗轉換器和
(L/R) 並聯陷波電路配置的超寬頻
單極鞭型天線，以滿足長距離無線電應用的要求。 無線通訊 實驗室產學合作
廠商盟訊公司要求其手持單極鞭型天線的長度限制在 100 cm以內，但其工
作頻段必須覆蓋三頻 段 分 別是 30-88 MHz、 135-175 MHz和 380-520 MHz。
本文一開始將三個陷波電路插入鞭型單極輻射體中，並與寬頻帶傳輸線阻
抗轉換器結合以控制輸入阻抗。 吾人 在所需的工作頻段 使用 1:4之傳輸線阻
抗轉換器將高阻抗轉換到低阻抗，特別是在低 VHF 頻段，協助實現超寬頻
帶性能。在構建傳輸線阻抗轉換器後，本文使用端口擴展和 TRL 校準兩種
校準方法校準萃取量測 S參數並導入到 HFSS 模擬中以利模擬進行， ，1:4傳
輸線阻抗轉換器 其量測損耗約在 2-4 dB。
接下來本論文在沒有傳輸線阻抗轉換器的情況下對
30 MHz到 520 MHz的模擬結果進行實 驗驗證，然後在模擬模型中逐一將陷波電路加入到輻射
主體中，進行參數分析以了解每個被動元件對陷波配置的影響和價值，也 討
論 傳輸線阻抗轉換器對輸入阻抗的影響，以了解如何獲得超寬頻性能。最後，
透過可視化腳本 (Vbscript)使 HFSS模擬軟體結合 MATLAB軟體進行遺傳演
算法之 最佳化設計 ，在 30 MHz-520 MHz頻段間其駐波比 VSWR < 3和增
益 > -10 dBi的要求下，逐步優化超寬頻帶阻抗匹配和增益。
最後，使用網路分析儀測試優化後的實際天線，以驗證優化後的模擬結
果。所提出的鞭型單極天線經量測 S11可知 本設計具有從 30 MHz 到 520 MHz 非常寬帶的 適用 範圍，其增益也可以達到 -10 dBi 以上，本設計已能
符合產學合作廠商盟訊公司的規格要求。

A monopole whip antenna with an impedance transformer and three (L/R) parallel trap circuits inserted in the main radiator was designed to achieve ultra-wide performance for the requirement of long-distance radio applications. The whip length of the monopole antenna put on the handheld of the Unication Company is limited to less than 100 cm but its operating frequency band must cover tri-band, 30-88 MHz, 135-175 MHz, and 380-520 MHz. Three trap circuits were inserted into the radiator of the whip monopole to integrate with a broadband transmission line transformer (TLT) to control the original impedance. After constructing the transmission line transformer, the measured S parameter was extracted under two types of calibration methods, port extension, and TRL calibration. The measured insertion loss of the transformer is about -2 to -4 dB. Finally, the measured results of the TLT were employed in the simulation.
After experimenting to verify the simulation results from 30 MHz to 520 MHz in the case of no transmission line transformer, three trap circuit configurations were one-by-one added to the radiator in the simulation model. Parametric analysis is executed to know the influence and then applied to predict the value of each passive component on the trap configuration. The influence of the transmission line transformer on the input impedance was also studied to know how to obtain ultra-band performance.
Then, the Genetic Algorithm by HFSS combined with MATLAB through a visual script is applied step by step to optimize the impedance matching and gain under the requirement of VSWR < 3 and gain > -10 dBi at 30 MHz–520 MHz. Finally, the optimized physical antenna was constructed and tested by using VNA in the open site to verify the optimized simulation results. The measurement of the proposed whip monopole antenna validates it has very broadband covering from 30 MHz to 520 MHz and its gain can achieve above -10 dBi. It satisfies the requirement of the cooperated company.
Keywords: Ultra-wideband antenna, Trap circuit configuration, Transmission line transformer, Monopole whip antenna, Genetic algorithm.

Table of contents
摘要
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
LIST OF TABLE
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Motivation
1.2 Literature Survey
1.3 Chapter Outline
Chapter 2 Design of a Wideband Monopole Whip Antenna Using TLT
2.1 Wideband Monopole Whip Antenna Design in HFSS
2.2 Whip Antenna Design with Horizontal Ground & Handset Ground
2.3 Theory for Transmission Line Transformer
2.4 TLT Utilization for Broadband Impedance Transform
2.5 Measurements of Transmission Line Transformer
2.6 Summary
Chapter 3 Parametric Analysis for the Antenna System
3.1 The original impedance of the monopole whip antenna
3.2 Implementation of L/R Trap Circuit Configurations
3.3 Proposed Monopole Whip Antenna Including TLT
3.4 Design of Lm
3.5 Summary
Chapter 4 Antenna Parameters Optimization Using Genetic Algorithm
4.1 Genetic Algorithm
4.2 MATLAB and HFSS Interface
4.3 Optimization of VSWR using GA
4.4 Multi-objective function for gain and VSWR optimization
4.5 Summary
Chapter 5 Conclusion
REFERENCE

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