臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文提出一種應用於預備儲能系統之主動箝位返馳式轉換器，其架構包含一主動箝位返馳式轉換器(Active Clamp Flyback Converter)與一降升壓雙向轉換器(Buck-boost Bidirectional Converter)，並以數位訊號控制器(dsPIC30F4011)為控制核心。當數位訊號控制器偵測到市電供電，便發出訊號啟動主動箝位返馳式轉換器以及使降升壓雙向轉換器為降壓模式，提供DC 24V供負載使用，並對鉛酸電池進行三段式充電。當控制器偵測到市電斷電後，發出控制訊號使雙向轉換器為升壓模式，使電池一方面提供DC 12V負載，另一方面經由雙向轉換器升壓後提供DC 24V負載使用。本系統具有零電壓切換(Zero Voltage Switching, ZVS)之特性，可解決因高電壓應力與高切換頻率所造成的切換損失與雜訊。最後本文實作一150W主動箝位返馳式轉換器與 120W降升壓雙向轉換器，來驗證所提出的主動箝位返馳式轉換器運用於預備儲能系統的可行性，其最高效率分別為主動箝位返馳式轉換器為91.56%，雙向轉換器降壓模式為93%，雙向轉換器升壓模式為 90.23%。

This thesis proposes a active clamp flyback converter for backup energy storage systems, Its architecture includes an active clamp flyback converter and a buck-boost bidirectional converter, with a digital signal controller (dsPIC30F4011) as the control core. When the digital signal controller detects the commercial power, it sends out a signal to activate the active clamp flyback converter, so that the buck-boost bidirectional converter enters the step-down mode and provides DC 24V load for use. Lead-acid batteries are divided into three charging stages. When the controller detects a power failure, it sends a control signal to put the bidirectional converter into boost mode. On the one hand, the battery provides a DC 12V load, and on the other hand, it provides a DC 24V load after being boosted by a bidirectional converter. The system features zero-voltage switching, which addresses switching losses and noise due to high-voltage stress and high switching frequency. Finally, a 150W active-clamp flyback converter and a 120W buck-boost bidirectional converter are implemented in this paper to verify the feasibility of the proposed active-clamp flyback converter in a prepared energy storage system. The active clamp flyback converter is 91.56%, the bidirectional converter buck mode is 93%, and the bidirectional converter boost mode is 90.23%.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 論文大綱 3
第二章 DC-DC電力轉換器之介紹與探討 4
2.1基礎電力轉換器簡介 4
2.1.1升壓轉換器(Boost converter) 4
2.1.2降壓轉換器(Buck converter) 6
2.1.3降升壓轉換器(Buck-Boost converter) 8
2.1.4返馳式轉換器(Flyback converter) 10
2.1.5順向式轉換器(Forward converter) 12
2.2雙向轉換器簡介 14
2.2.1降升壓雙向轉換器(Buck-Boost Bidirectional converter) 14
2.2.2具耦合電感之高效率雙向轉換器(High-efficiency bidirectional converter with coupled inductor) 15
2.2.3改良型單端初級電感雙向轉換器(Bidirectional Sepic-Zeta converter) 16
2.2.4雙向邱克轉換器(Bidirectional Cuk convereter) 17
2.3主動箝位返馳式轉換器(Active Clamp Flyback Converter) 18
2.3.1主動箝位返馳式轉換器動作原理 18
第三章 蓄電池簡介與其充電方法探討 24
3.1蓄電池種類介紹與比較 24
3.1.1鉛酸電池特性 26
3.2蓄電池充電方法 27
3.2.1定電壓充電法 27
3.2.2定電流充電法 28
3.2.3二階段充電法 28
3.2.4三階段充電法 29
3.2.5脈衝式充電法 29
3.2.6正負脈衝充電法 30
3.2.7各充電法整理比較 31
第四章 預備儲能系統架構與規劃 32
4.1預備儲能系統規格 32
4.2預備儲能系統方塊圖 33
4.2.1系統控制功能說明 33
4.3主動箝位返馳式轉換器設計 34
4.3.1功率開關選用 34
4.3.2變壓器設計 35
4.3.3主動箝位電路設計 37
4.3.4輸出電容設計 37
4.4降升壓雙向轉換器設計 38
4.4.1功率開關選用 38
4.4.2電感L1與輸出電容C12設計 39
4.5微處理器與系統軟體規劃 39
4.5.1微處理器dsPIC30F4011 39
4.5.2系統軟體規劃與流程圖 40
4.6周邊電路設計 44
4.6.1電流偵測電路 44
4.6.2電壓偵測電路 44
4.6.3功率開關驅動電路 45
4.6.4橋式整流模組 46
4.6.5鉛酸電池 46
第五章 實驗結果與分析 47
5.1主動箝位返馳式轉換器實測結果 48
5.2降升壓雙向轉換器實測結果 50
5.3鉛酸電池之充放電控制 53
5.3.1充電模式：三階段充電 53
5.3.2電池供電模式 56
第六章 結論與未來展望 57
6.1結論 57
6.2未來展望 57
參考文獻 58

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