臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Abstract
Background
Researchers have scientifically verified that depression often starts to develop and is diagnosed during adolescence and early adulthood. Caregivers are essential and key persons in the overall mental health promotion of adolescents. Knowledge about depression and attitudes toward depression may enhance prompt detection of depression symptoms; while resourcefulness might improve depressed emotion in adolescents. Thus this study aimed at assessing relationships amongst knowledge about depression, attitudes toward depression, resourcefulness, and depression levels of adolescents and their primary caregivers.
Methods
A cross-sectional correlational study design was conducted among 209 pairs of school-going adolescents and their caregivers in Eswatini. Data was collected using a self-reported questionnaire that measured knowledge about depression, attitudes toward depression, resourcefulness, and depression levels. Demographic data were collected as well. Statistical analysis was applied using SPSS version 20 with individual t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and Hierarchical Multiple Linear Regression.
Results
The results of this study found that in adolescents, knowledge about depression was significantly and positively correlated with depression, attitudes toward depression were significantly and positively correlated with resourcefulness, whereas negatively correlated with depression. Resourcefulness was significantly and negatively correlated with depression. In caregivers, knowledge about depression was significantly and positively correlated with attitudes and resourcefulness. The caregivers’ attitudes toward depression were significantly and negatively correlated with depression levels; however, the relationship between caregivers’ attitudes toward depression and resourcefulness was significantly and positively correlated. Moreover, there was a significant and negative relationship between resourcefulness and depression in caregivers. Race, knowledge about depression, attitudes towards depression and resourcefulness were significant predictors of depression in adolescents. Conversely in caregivers, sociodemographic characteristics and resourcefulness were not significant predictors of depression but knowledge and attitudes towards depression were.
Implications
The results imply that knowledge must be strengthened as it creates a good base and understanding of depression which promotes resourcefulness. Resourcefulness is a skill that should be impacted to adolescents through mental health clubs as it may reduce depression levels. Adolescents and caregivers’ resourcefulness ought to be achieved concurrently because the caregivers are responsible for impacting skills to their adolescents. Programs that empower them with knowledge about depression, foster positive attitudes and ultimately heighten resourcefulness may mitigate the depression predicament.
Keywords: Resourcefulness, Knowledge about depression, Attitudes toward depression, Depression, Adolescents, Caregivers

Table of Contents
List of figures viii
List of tables viii
Abstract ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background information and problem statement 5
1.3 Purpose of the study 8
1.4 Objectives 8
1.5 Significance 9
1.5.1 Nursing education 9
1.5.2 Nursing practice 9
1.5.3 Nursing research 10
1.5.4 Nursing policy/administration 10
1.6 Research questions 10
1.7 Summary 11
Chapter 2 Literature review 12
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Demographics 12
2.2.1 Age and gender 12
2.2.2 Race and religion 13
2.2.3 Birth order 14
2.2.4 Family structures and relationship between adolescents and their caregivers 14
2.3 Caregivers’ Knowledge about Depression 15
2.4 Caregivers’ Attitude toward Depression 16
2.5 Caregivers’ Resourcefulness 17
2.7 Adolescents’ Knowledge about Depression 19
2.8 Adolescents’ Attitudes toward Depression 20
2.9 Adolescents’ Resourcefulness 23
2.11 Summary 27
Research Framework 27
2.10 Theoretical Framework 27
2.11 Research Framework of the current study 28
Chapter 3 Research methodology 29
3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Research design 29
3.3 Setting of the study 29
3.4 Population and samples of the study 30
3.5 Sampling procedure and technique 30
3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria 31
3.6.1 Inclusion criteria 31
3.6.2 Exclusion criteria 32
3.7 Definitions of the study concepts 32
3.8 Data collection tool 35
3.8.1 Knowledge about Depression Scale (KDS) 35
3.8.2 Attitudes towards Depression Scale (ADS) 36
3.8.3 Resourcefulness Scale (RS) 38
3.8.4 Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R-10) 38
3.8.5 Demographic characteristics 39
3.9 Data collection procedure 40
3.10 Data organizing and analysis 44
3.11 Ethical considerations 44
3.11.1 Ethical clearance 44
3.11.2 Autonomy 45
3.11.3 Privacy/Confidentiality and Anonymity 45
3.11.4 Beneficence 46
3.11.5 Justice 46
3.11.6 Data handling 46
Chapter 4 Results 48
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Descriptive statistics 48
4.3 Resourcefulness, knowledge, and attitudes about depression, and levels of depression, among adolescents and their caregivers 52
4.4 The differences in depression levels based on demographic characteristics among adolescents and caregivers 54
4.5 Correlations between depression level and knowledge about depression, attitudes toward depression, and resourcefulness among adolescents and their caregivers 57
4.6 Predictors of Depression in Adolescents and Caregivers 61
Chapter 5 Discussion 64
5.1 Introduction 64
5.2 Description of participants’ sociodemographic variables 64
5.2.1 Adolescents 64
5.2.2 Caregivers 65
5.3.2 Attitudes towards Depression 67
5.3.3 Resourcefulness in adolescents and caregivers 68
5.3.4 Depression levels in adolescents and caregivers 69
5.5 Correlations amongst resourcefulness, knowledge about depression and attitudes towards depression 72
5.5.2 Knowledge about Depression and Resourcefulness 73
5.5.3 Knowledge about Depression and Depression levels 74
5.5.4 Attitudes towards Depression and Resourcefulness 75
5.5.5 Attitudes towards Depression and Depression levels 75
5.5.6 Resourcefulness and Depression levels 76
5.6 Predictors of depression 78
5.6.1 Sociodemographic 78
5.6.2 Knowledge about Depression 78
5.6.3 Attitudes towards Depression 79
5.6.4 Resourcefulness 79
Chapter 6 Conclusions, Limitations, and Recommendations 81
6.1 Conclusions 81
6.2 Limitations 82
6.3 Recommendations 84
6.3.1 Nursing education 84
6.3.2 Nursing practice 85
6.3.3 Nursing policy 85
6.3.4 Nursing research 86
References 87
APPENDICES 95
APPENDIX 1: CONSENT FORM 95
APPENDIX 2: ASSENT FORM 96
APPENDIX 3: PERMISSION TO USE RESOURCEFULNESS SCALE 97
APPENDIX 4: ETHICAL APPROVAL CERTIFICATE 98
APPENDIX 3:PERMISSION TO USE RESOURCEFULNESS SCALE………………96
APPENDIX 4: ETHICAL APPROVAL CERTIFICATE…………………………….....97
APPENDIX 5: PERMISSION FROM STUDY SETTING…………………………….103
APPENDIX 6: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………..104

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