臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為了解全電動公車系統於未來永續發展上是否具備永續性，並了解可改善之熱點，針對臺灣全電動公車進行生命週期永續性評估(LCSA)。以一輛全電動公車作為功能單位之永續性評估，包括傳統生命週期評估(LCA)、生命週期成本(LCC)、社會生命週期評估(S-LCA)與各面向結果彙整之永續熱點分析。
環境面之傳統生命週期評估，收集各階段之投入產出資料，並以「OpenLCA」之「CML」生命週期衝擊評估方法針對9項衝擊類別進行評估。評估結果顯示環境衝擊最大之類別為全球暖化約為5.056E+05 kg CO2 eq，次為淡水生態毒性約4.040E+05 kg 1,4-DB eq。經濟面，計算全電動公車於各階段之成本，並透過成本有效性分析，計算全電動公車於不同情境下之淨現值最高可達24,745,000元。另外延伸探討柴油公車經抵換專案汰換為全電動公車後，其獲得之「減量額度」經濟效益至少價值29,897,000元。社會面，透過探討復康巴士、長照系統與來往偏鄉使用公車汰換為全電動公車之效益。日本案例證實，全電動公車可提升社會效益，包括縮短城鄉差距、提升生活品質、增加災難應變措施等。
永續性評估方面，本研究透過熱點法，以定量方式彙整環境與經濟面評估結果，並以定性方式將社會面分析彙整以完整永續性評估。定量評估結果顯示，熱點值最高出現於全電動公車之營運階段，次之則為車輛製造與購買階段。表示欲使全電動公車往永續發展，此兩階段為最優先研究及考量之階段。定性分析結果則說明，全電動公車可透過碳權交易平台與公車至電網(B2G)模式等配套措施，使全電動公車邁向永續性。

In order to understand the Battery Electric Bus(BEB) is sustainable in the future sustainable development, and to find the hotspots that can be improved by the Battery Electric Bus system. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of BEB system in Taiwan by using the Lifecycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA). The LCSA using three evaluation tools , (environmental)Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) based on ISO14040, Life Cycle Costing (LCC), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), were used to assess the impacts that occur during the life cycle service system from environmental, economic, and social perspectives respectively.
On the environmental side, the (environmental)LCA of BEB collects input and output data at each stage, and evaluates 9 impact categories through the “CML” life cycle impact assessment method of “OpenLCA”. The assessment results show that the category with the largest environmental impact is global warming at about 5.056E+05 kg CO2 eq, secondly by freshwater ecotoxicity at about 4.040E+05 kg 1,4-DB eq. On the economic side, the cost of BEB at each stage is aggregated, and through cost-effectiveness analysis to calculate the net present value of the BEB under different scenarios. The results of the calculated show that BEB maximum NPV reach a maximum of NT$24,745,000. In addition, it was further discussed that after replacing diesel buses with BEB through the Carbon Offset Plant, is obtained at least NTD29.897 million economic benefit for "certified emissions reductions". On the social side, through the discussion benefits for replacing the use of diesel buses with BEB to rehabilitation bus, long-term care system and round trip remote village. The case of Japan confirms that BEB can improve social benefits, including shortening the urban-rural gap, improving the quality of life, and increasing disaster response measures.
In terms of LCSA, this study uses both “quantitative” and “qualitative” methods for aggregation. Environmental and economic results are aggregated using the hot spot method. then, the social results are integrated through qualitative methods. The results show that in order to achieve sustainable development of BEB, it is necessary to prioritize addressing indirect emissions from operations, vehicle purchase costs, and advancing “B2G” and “cap and trade”.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究流程與論文架構 6
第二章 文獻回顧 9
第一節 電動公車發展現況 10
第二節 汽車運輸業溫室氣體相關法規與案例 22
第三節 生命週期評估 31
第四節 汽車運輸系統的生命週期評估 61
第三章 研究架構與方法 65
第一節 研究步驟與研究架構 65
第二節 生命週期評估研究方法 69
第四章 結果與討論 77
第一節 傳統生命週期評估 77
第二節 經濟議題考量 103
第三節 全電動公車與社會關懷 117
第四節 全電動公車生命週期永續性評估與綜合討論 126
第五章 結論與建議 133
第一節 結論 133
第二節 建議 137
參考文獻 139
英文文獻 139
中文文獻 144
日文文獻 145

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