臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Climate variability has become much more obvious as a result of global climate change. Livelihood diversification including crop and income diversification is one of the most remarkable strategies to manage risk and cope with economic and climate shocks in order to improve rural livelihood. We investigate the empirical linkages among climate variability, livelihood diversification, and household food security, exploiting three waves of nationally representative rural household panel data merged with granular climate data in Bangladesh. Using control function approach and IV regression to control for possible endogeneity of livelihood diversification, we find that seasonal rainfall shock and temperature shock affect livelihood diversification, then livelihood diversification improves household food security. Taken together, the results suggest that promoting the diversification strategies through investing in socio-economic factors, institutional conditions, and infrastructure., thus they can help to address the food insecurity of farmers under climate change in Bangladesh.

Climate variability has become much more obvious as a result of global climate change. Livelihood diversification including farm and income diversification is
one of the most remarkable strategies to manage risk and cope with economic and
climate shocks in order to improve rural livelihood. We investigate the empirical
linkages among climate variability, livelihood diversification, and household food
security, exploiting three waves of nationally representative rural household panel
data merged with granular climate data in Bangladesh. Using two-stage residual
inclusion and fixed effect regressions, we find that climate variability affects income diversification, and income diversification improves household food security.
In particular, the impact of income diversification is higher for the richest households through non-farm income and decreases monotonically moving toward the
bottom of the welfare distribution. These findings suggest making more attractive
livelihood strategies available to the rural poor, in terms of socio-economic factors institutional conditions, and infrastructure.

Acknowledgement i
Abstract ii
Table of Contents iii
List of tables v
List of figures vi
1. Introduction - 1 -
2. Literature review - 6 -
2.1 Climate change adaptation - 6 -
2.2 Livelihood diversification strategies - 11 -
2.3 Determinants of household food security - 13 -
2.3.1 Livelihood diversification - 13 -
2.3.2 Climate variability - 14 -
2.3.3 Socio-economic characteristics - 15 -
2.3.4 Agronomic, institutional and infrastructure characteristics - 16 -
2.3.5 Recent closest empirical studies - 16 -
2.4 Methodology - 18 -
3. Research methods and data - 21 -
3.1 Conceptual framework - 21 -
- 23 -
3.2 Data - 23 -
- 30 -
3.3 Calculation and description of key outcome and explanatory variables - 31 -
3.3.1 Diversification indices - 31 -
3.3.2 Household food security indicators - 32 -
3.3.3 Climate indicators - 33 -
3.4 Empirical framework - 33 -
3.5 Identification strategy - 36 -
3.5.1 Controlling for unobserved heterogeneity - 36 -
3.5.2 Controlling for endogenous regressor - 36 -
4. Results and discussion - 39 -
4.1 Determinants of diversification strategies - 39 -
4.2 Impact of livelihood diversification on household food security - 43 -
4.3 Robustness checks - 47 -
5. Conclusions and implications - 50 -
References - 54 -
Appendix: Table - 61 -

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