臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，再生能源發電及分散式微電網技術為各國電能系統主要的發展項目，然而，再生能源發電容易受到環境的影響造成電力輸出不穩定，通常需要搭配適當容量之儲能設備方能使其正常工作。眾多的大容量储能系統中，釩氧化還原液流電池(Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, VRFB)，具有電池充、放電循環壽命長、電池容量大及較佳的安全性等優點，在新式能源與微電網系統的應用中具有明顯優勢。VRFB工作時隨著充、放電循環次數的增加其電解液會逐漸失去平衡，而電解液不平衡將造成 VRFB 可用容量縮減，這點在實際應用上會是一個很大的問題。因此，本文提出一種新穎的 VRFB 電解液不平衡線上偵測方案，所提VRFB電解液不平衡偵測系統主要是藉由即時掌握VRFB電解液的折射率(Refractive Index, RI)、溫度(Temperature, T)及電量狀態(State Of Charge, SOC)以獲得電解液不平衡之訊息。有關上述VRFB電解液參數之量測，本文使用具抗酸鹼能力的光纖感測元件作為電解液之折射率與溫度之即時測量元件。本文首先回顧了文獻中已提出之液流電池系統及電解液不平衡檢測方法，接著說明所提VRFB 電解液不平衡偵測方案及所需之數值分析演算法與光纖式感測元件之設計細節。最後所提偵測方案經由三組測試用的不同濃度之電解液樣本檢驗，檢驗結果發現量測到的UR值最大誤差為0.65%。因此從上述實驗結果可以證明本文提出之不平衡偵測方案兼具有效性及準確性。

In recent years, renewable energy power generation (REPG) and distributed microgrid technologies have become the main development items for power systems in all countries in the world. However, REPG is easily affected by the environment, resulting in unstable power output. Usually, an energy storage system (ESS) with appropriate capacity is required to achieve a controllable REPG. Among many large-capacity ESSs, the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) has the advantages of long life, large battery capacity and safety, etc. However, when the VRFB is working, with the increase of charge and discharge cycles, the VRFB's electrolyte will gradually lose its balance, and the imbalance of electrolyte will reduce the available capacity of the VRFB, which will be a big problem in practical applications. Therefore, this thesis proposes a novel on-line detection scheme for VRFB electrolyte imbalance. The proposed VRFB electrolyte imbalance detection system needs to detect the refractive index (RI), temperature (T) and the state of charge (SOC) of VRFB’s electrolyte in real time. Regarding the measurement of the above-mentioned VRFB electrolyte parameters, the acid- and alkali-resistant optical fiber sensing devices are used as the real-time measurement element for the RI and T of the electrolyte. This paper firstly reviews the redox flow battery systems and the electrolyte imbalance detection methods proposed in the literature, and then describes the proposed VRFB electrolyte imbalance detection scheme and the required numerical analysis algorithms followed by the design details of the optical fiber sensing devices. Finally, the proposed detection scheme was tested by three sets of electrolyte samples with different concentrations. The test results found that the maximum error of the measured UR value was 0.65%. Therefore, it can be proved from the above experimental results that the imbalance detecting scheme proposed in this thesis is both effective and accurate.

誌謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 V
表目錄 IX
符號索引 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 7
1.3 文獻回顧 8
1.4 論文架構 18
第二章 氧化還原液流電池 19
2.1 氧化還原液流電池系統架構及原理 19
2.2 氧化還原液流電池種類 20
2.3 VRFB電解液製備方法 23
2.4 電解液不平衡 24
第三章 VRFB電解液不平衡偵測方案 34
3.1 電解液不平衡偵測方案規劃 34
3.2 光纖感測元件之設計 37
3.2.1 D型光纖Fabry-Perot干涉儀 37
3.2.2 光學膠灌注中空光纖溫度感測元件 42
3.3 VRFB電解液不平衡偵測方案實驗系統設計 44
3.4 快速復立葉轉換 50
3.4.1 快速傅立葉轉換分波案例分析 51
第四章 電解液量測實驗與結果分析 60
4.1 電解液樣本調配制 60
4.2 電解液實際量測實驗及結果 61
第五章 結論及未來研究方向 92
5.1 結論 92
5.2 未來研究方向 92
參考文獻 93

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