臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我國從民國103 年7 月施行之職業安全衛生法規定，事業單位必須針對重複性作業等促發肌肉骨骼疾病之工作環境需採取預防措施，但肌肉骨骼不適的職業災害認定不易，且很難釐清是工作或生活中所造成，容易誤以為職場中肌肉骨骼不適的問題風險不高，其實肌肉骨骼方面的疾病，發展較為緩慢難以察覺，等到明顯不舒服時，大多很難根治，因此需要更加重視預防。
本次研究對象針對某網通公司，以NMQ肌肉骨骼問卷調查出共計118位肌肉骨骼不適的員工。經過實施工程改善、職務調整及健康促進，一年後再進行追蹤調查，針對這一年公司實施的肌肉骨骼相關各項改善措施，員工是否認同有效，且可預防肌肉骨骼方面的傷害。調查結果：非常認同(53.39%)、認同(37.29%)、無意見(3.39%)、離職(5.93%)，超過九成認同可有效預防肌肉骨骼傷害，且對員工有直接幫助。另，使用KIM檢核表過濾出包裝及資材為風險等級三的中高風險作業，進行工程改善後降低為可接受的等級二中等風險。

Our country’s Occupational Safety and Health Law, implemented in July 2014, stipulates that public institutions must take preventive measures against repetitive work and other work environments that promote musculoskeletal diseases. However, it is not easy to identify occupational hazards that cause musculoskeletal discomfort, and it is difficult to clarify. It is caused by work or life. It is easy to mistakenly believe that the risk of musculoskeletal discomfort in the workplace is not high. In fact, musculoskeletal diseases develop slowly and are difficult to detect. When the discomfort is obvious, most of them are difficult to cure, so more attention should be paid Prevention.
The subject of this research is for a Netcom company. A total of 118 employees with musculoskeletal discomfort were surveyed by the NMQ musculoskeletal questionnaire. After implementation of engineering improvements, job adjustments and health promotion, a follow-up survey was conducted one year later, after improvements by the company. The musculoskeletal-related improvement measures, whether employees agree that they are effective and can prevent musculoskeletal injuries, the survey results: very agree (53.39%), agree (37.29%), no opinion (3.39%), resign (5.93%) ), more than 90% agree that it can effectively prevent musculoskeletal injuries and directly help employees. In addition, using the KIM checklist to filter out the medium and high-risk operations with the third-level risk of packaging and materials, and to reduce them to acceptable level two-medium risks after engineering improvements.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
一、緒論 1
1.1.研究動機 1
1.2.研究目的 2
1.3.研究流程 3
二、文獻回顧 5
2.1. 網路通訊業近況 5
2.2. 網通產品製程 6
2.2.1 SMT流程 6
2.2.2 DIP流程 9
2.2.3 FA流程 11
2.3. NMQ調查表 13
2.4人因工程檢核工具 15
2.5 KIM人工物料處理檢核表 16
2.6. 改善方式與簡易改善 20
三、研究方法及內容 26
3.1. 研究方法 26
3.2.研究對象 26
3.3. 研究工具 27
3.3.1. NMQ問卷調查 27
3.3.2. KIM人工物料處理檢核表 27
四、結果與討論 28
4.1. 基本資料分析 30
4.1.1 年齡 30
4.1.2 性別 31
4.1.3 身高 32
4.1.4 體重 33
4.1.5 年資 35
4.2. 肌肉骨骼傷害分佈分析 36
4.3. 作業現況觀察與分析 37
4.3.1 SMT作業分析 37
4.3.2 DIP作業分析 38
4.3.3 FA作業分析 39
4.3.4 資材作業分析 41
4.4. 工程改善 43
4.4.1. FA作業 44
4.4.2.資材作業 45
4.5.健康促進 46
4.5.1.健康講座 46
4.5.2.運動課程 47
4.5.3.按摩 49
五、結論與建議 50
5.1.結論 50
5.2.建議 51
參考文獻 52
附錄一 55

[1] 勞工保險局，職業災害統計資料，「勞工保險職業病傷病給付人次-按職業病成因、性別及行業別分」，https://www.bli.gov.tw/0019152.html。
[2] 陳志勇、劉立文、潘儀聰、游志雲、陳協慶，人因工程肌肉骨骼傷病預防指引，一版，勞工安全衛生研究所，新北，民國103年。
[3] Scott, G.B., Lambe, N.R. (1996), Working practice in a perchery system, using the OVAKO Working posture Analysing System (OWAS), Applied Ergonomics, 27(4): 281-283.
[4] 劉立文、陳協慶，人因性危害與肌肉骨骼傷病關係研究II，一版，勞工安全衛生研究所，新北，民國106年。
[5] 葉文裕、林彥輝：工作現楊人因工程檢核表適用性之研究，行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所研究報告1997；IOSH86-H329。
[6] 李正隆，人因工程常用的評估技術及案例探討，人因工程危害預防技術研討會，經濟部工業局主辦，中華民國工業安全衛生協會執行，2004。
[7] OHSCO＇s Musculoskeletal Disorders Prevention Series Part 3: MSD Prevention Toolbox –Final Draft, 2007.
[8] Osmo Karhu, Reino Harkonen, Pentti Sorvali And Pentti Vepsalainen, Observing Working Postures in Industry: Examples of OWAS Application, Applied Ergonomics 1981, 12(1):13-17.
[9] Karhu, O., Kansi, P., and Kuorinka, I., Correcting Working Postures In Industry: A Practical Method For Analysis, Applied Ergonomics 1977,8(4): 199-201.
[10] Graham, B., Nicola, R., Working Practices In A Perchery System, Using The Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System, Applied Ergonomics 1996, 27(4): 281-284.
[11] Health And Safety Executive, Manual Handling Assessment Chart (MAC) Tool, Retrieved From: http://www.hse.gov.uk/Msd/Mac/
[12] Lynn Mcatamney, E. Nigel Corlett, RULA: A Survey Method for The Investigation Of Related Upper Limb Disorders, Applied Ergonomics 1993, 24(2): 91-99.
[13] Mcatamney, L. & Corlett, E.N., Rapid Upper Limb Assessment(RULA)In Stanton, N. Et al.(Eds.)Handbook Of Human Factors And Ergonomics Methods, Chapter 7, Boca Raton, FL, 2004, 7:1 - 7:11.
[14] Hignett, S. & Mcatamney, L., Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Applied Ergonomics 31, 2000, 201~205.
[15] André Klussmann1, Ulf Steinberg, Falk Liebers, Hansjürgen Gebhardt1 and Monika A Rieger, The Key Indicator Method For Manual Handling Operations(KIM-MHO)- Evaluation of a New Method for the Assessment of Working Conditions Within A Cross- Sectional Study, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 2010, 11:272.
[16] Steinberg, U., Behrendt, S., Caffi er, G., Schultz, K., Jakob, M., 2008., Key Indicator Method Manual Handling Operations- Design And Testing Of A Practical Aid For Assessing Working Conditions, Bundesanstalt Für Arbeitsschutz Und Arbeitsmedizin, Project Number: F 1994
[17] Assessment of Manual Handling Tasks Based on Key Indicators, Version 2001.
[18] Assessment of Pulling and Pushing Based on Key Indicators, Version 2002.
[19] Graham, B., Nicola, R., Working Practices In A Perchery System, Using The Ovako Working Posture Analyzing System, Applied Ergonomics 1996, 27(4): 281-284.
[20] Hamrick C., Overview of Ergonomic Assessment. In W.S. Marras & W.Karwowski (eds), Fundamentals and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics,Taylor & Francis Group, 2006, Vol. 34, pp.1-11.
[21] 潘儀聰、游志雲，人因性危害防止計畫研究，一版，勞工安全衛生研究所，新北，民國104年。
[22] 教育部體育署統計資料「運動城市調查各縣市規律運動現況」，https://data.gov.tw/dataset/24375，更新日期，2021年8月5日。
[23] 桃園榮民總醫院 譚光還醫師，肌肉骨骼預防保健健康講座資料，日期，2020年6月19日。