臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

棒球選手的打擊表現會受到許多因子影響，像是擊球機制、揮棒時機、是否揮棒以及心理部分。當球員接受相同內容及相同強度的訓練後，他們的打擊表現還是會出現很大的差異，有可能是受到緊張、焦慮等心理因素的影響。心率變異度生物回饋（Heart rate variability biofeedback, HRV biofeedback）提供受試者實時的心率波形，引導受試者跟著心率波形調節呼吸頻率，達到促進放鬆的效果。過去的研究中將心率變異度生物回饋訓練已被應用於改善運動表現，發現可以提高棒球、籃球和高爾夫球等運動的表現，但在降低焦慮方面沒有一致的結果。
為了觀察經過連續十天HRV biofeedback訓練後，有經驗的棒球打者是否可以提升打擊表現並降低焦慮，本研究招募了21位國立陽明交通大學棒球校隊的球員，並隨機分成實驗組與對照組，經由填寫問卷（狀態焦慮、自信心及自我效能感）、量測生理訊號（心電圖、呼吸訊號）以及實際打擊等方式探討HRV biofeedback訓練的效果。
結果顯示：(1) 經過 HRV biofeedback 訓練後，實驗組的受試者在Baseline階段的nLF顯著增加，在Stressor階段的呼吸頻率顯著下降。(2)在Trial 2的Baseline和Stressor階段，實驗組的nLF和LF/HF顯著高於對照組。(3) 經過 HRV biofeedback 訓練後，實驗組受試者的認知焦慮顯著降低。(4) 經過 HRV biofeedback 訓練後，實驗組的打擊得分跟打進場內的比例顯著提升。(5) 在Trial2階段，對照組跟實驗組的揮棒速度跟峰值手速有顯著差異。
總結來說，本研究驗證經過10天的HRV biofeedback訓練後可以提升棒球選手的打擊表現並且降低認知焦慮。在賽季前或是競賽前透過這樣低成本且簡單的訓練方式可以協助選手在比賽中有更好的表現。

Batting performance of the baseball player may be affected by hitting mechanisms, timing mechanisms, and mental approach to hit. Although receiving the same training content and training volume, players’ batting performance is quite different, which may be attributed to nervous and anxiety. HRV biofeedback is a training method that pro- vides real time HR waveform leading the participant to breathe at target frequency and promote relaxation. Literature studies had applied HRV biofeedback to athletes, and found improved performance in baseball, basketball, golf, etc. However, inconsistent results were found in reducing anxiety.
To investigate the reducing anxiety and improving batting performance ability after daily session of HRV biofeedback, this study recruited 21 baseball players from the NYCU baseball team and randomly divided them into two groups. By filling psychological questionnaires, measuring physiological signals, and measuring batting performance to validate the effects of HRV biofeedback training.
The results indicate: After HRV biofeedback, experimental group showed (1) significant increase in nLF during baseline phase, and significant decrease in BR during stressor phase; (2) significant decrease in cognitive anxiety; (3) significant increase in bat- ting score and infield ratio. In trial 2, (1) during the baseline and stressor phases, nLF and LF/HF were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group; (2) bat speed and peak hand speed showed significant differences between groups. In conclusion, this study validated that daily session of HRV biofeedback can improve batting performance and reduce cognitive anxiety. HRV biofeedback can be applied before competition league and help the baseball players to perform better in the game.

致謝 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
Contents iv
List of figure vii
List of table ix
List of abbreviation x
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.1.1 What makes a good baseball batter? 1
1.1.2 Keep calm at the plate 2
1.1.3 Heart rate variability and respiratory sinus arrhythmia 3
1.1.4 Heart rate variability biofeedback 4
1.2 Motivation 6
1.3 Literature study 7
1.3.1 HRV biofeedback training 7
1.3.2 HRV biofeedback training for athletic performance 8
1.3.3 The measurement of batting performance 10
1.3.4 Summary of literature study 11
1.4 Hypotheses and objective 11
2 Material and Method 13
2.1 Experimental procedure 13
2.2 Experimental equipment 14
2.2.1 Psychological measurement 14
2.2.2 Physiological measurement 15
2.2.3 Batting performance 15
2.3 HRV biofeedback training 16
2.4 Data processing for physiological signal 19
2.4.1 Electrocardiogram 19
2.4.2 Respiratory inductance plethysmography 19
2.5 Statistical analysis 21
2.5.1 Descriptive statistic 21
2.5.2 Inferential statistic 21
3 Result 22
3.1 Participant description 22
3.2 Individual results on control group 23
3.3 Individual results on experimental group 24
3.4 Statistical results of physiological changes 25
3.5 Statistical results of psychological changes 31
3.6 Statistical results of batting performance 32
3.7 Correlation between parameters 34
3.8 Summarized result 37
4 Discussion 38
4.1 The regulatory capacity of the ANS after HRV biofeedback training 38
4.2 Anxiety and self-confidence after HRV biofeedback training 40
4.3 Batting performance improvement with ten consecutive days of HRV biofeedback training 42
4.4 Limitation 45
5 Conclusion and Future Work 46
5.1 Conclusion 46
5.2 Future Work 46
Appendix 47
A Certification of approval 47
Bibliography 48

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