臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究背景與目的：
無手機恐懼是指對沒有手機或個人電腦時的焦慮，據美國加拿大大學生調查，約有四分之一大學生有此現象。回顧文獻可知，無法容忍不確定性、焦慮、延伸心智均可正向預測無手機恐懼，但變項間的路徑未明，本研究擬加以探討。透過文獻分析和推論，本研究假設：
(1) 焦慮可正向直接預測無手機恐懼；
(2) 無法容忍不確定性可正向直接預測無手機恐懼；
(3) 延伸心智可正向直接預測無手機恐懼；
(4) 無法容忍不確定性也透過焦慮的中介間接正向預測無手機恐懼；
(5) 無法容忍不確定性也透過延伸心智的中介間接正向預測無手機恐懼。

研究方法：
本研究使用110年國科會計畫「認知行為自我導向學習系統的開發及其在改善大學生科技成癮風險的成效評估」所搜集之去識別化資料進行研究。經清廢卷程序後，進行資料分析。研究中之有效全體樣本共340人。採用研究工具為「無手機恐懼量表」、「簡版無法容忍不確定性量表」、「症狀自評量表SCL-90-R─恐懼性焦慮/恐懼分量表」、「延伸心智量表」，並使用統計軟體SPSS 24.0進行樣本特性與皮爾森相關分析；使用Smart PLS 4.0進行結構方程假設路徑模型之驗證與中介效果分析。

研究結果：
結果顯示，無法容忍不確定性、焦慮、延伸心智皆正向直接預測無手機恐懼；此外，無法容忍不確定性還間接透過焦慮與延伸心智的中介正向預測無手機恐懼。

討論與結論：
研究結果支持本硏究提出之路徑模型，釐清無法容忍不確定性、焦慮及延伸心智在無手機恐懼發展中的角色。但本研究受限於橫斷研究，未來宜採縱貫分析加以驗證。

關鍵詞：無法容忍不確定性、焦慮、延伸心智、無手機恐懼

Abstract
Background and aims: Nomophobia refers to the anxiety of not having a smartphone, tablet, or personal computer, which is found in about a quarter preference in college students in Canada. There is no survey on the prevalence of nomophobia among college students in Taiwan yet. Previous studies showed that anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and extended mind could positively predict fear of nomophobia, but the pathways between these variables are unknown. This study is an attempt to investigate them. Based on literature analysis and inference, this study hypothesized that.
(1) Anxiety would positively and directly predict nomophobia.
(2) Intolerance of uncertainty positively and directly would positively and directly predict nomophobia.
(3) Extended mind would positively and directly predict nomophobia.
(4) Intolerance of uncertainty would indirectly predict nomophobia positively mediated through anxiety.
(5) Intolerance of uncertainty would indirectly predict nomophobia positively mediated through extended mind.

Methods: This study is a secondary analysis using the database of the project of Ministry of National Science and Technology council. The total number of validated samples in the study was 340. The instruments used in the study were the Nomophobia questionnaire, the Short Form Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Symptom Check List SCL-90-R-Phobic Anxiety/phobia Subscale, and the Extended Mind Questionnaire. The results were analyzed using Smart PLS 4.0.

Results: The results of the study showed that Intolerance of uncertainty, Anxiety Extended mind positively and directly predicted nomophobia. The specific indirect effects showed Intolerance of uncertainty predicted nomophobia positively mediated through anxiety as well as mediated through extended mind.

Discussion and conclusion: The findings support the pathway model proposed in this study to clarify the possible roles of intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety, and extended mind in the development of nomophobia. However, this study was limited to a cross-sectional study and should be validated by a longitudinal analysis in the future.

Key words, Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, Extended Mind, Nomophobia

目　　　　　錄
謝誌 i
中文摘要 ii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 vi
表目次 ix
圖目次 x
第一章、 緒論 1
第一節、 無手機恐懼(Nomophobia) 1
一、無手機恐懼(Nomophobia)的危害層面與盛行率 1
二、無手機恐懼(Nomophobia)的定義與測量 3
三、無手機恐懼(Nomophobia)的相關影響後果研究 5
四、無手機恐懼與問題性智慧手機使用行為(Problematic Smartphone Use) 6
五、小結 9

第二節、 無手機恐懼相關因素探討 10
一、無法容忍不確定性(Intolerance of Uncertainty)和無手機恐懼間之關係 10
(一)無法容忍不確定性(Intolerance of Uncertainty)的定義 10
(二)無法容忍不確定性和無手機恐懼間之關係 10
二、焦慮與無手機恐懼間之關係 12
三、延伸心智和無手機恐懼間之關係 14
(一)自我概念、延伸自我與延伸心智的定義 14
(二)延伸心智和無手機恐懼間之關係 16
四、小結 18

第三節、 無法容忍不確定性、焦慮、延伸心智與與無手機恐懼之間的關係 19
一、焦慮可中介無法容忍不確定性和無手機恐懼？ 19
二、延伸心智可中介無法容忍不確定性和無手機恐懼之關係？ 21
三、小結 22
第四節、 研究目的和假設 23
一、研究目的 23
二、研究假設 23
三、研究假設模型圖 23

第二章、 研究方法 24
第一節 研究參與者 24
第二節 研究程序 24
第三節 研究工具 25
一、個人基本資料表 25
二、無手機恐懼量表(Nomophobia Questionnaire) 25
三、簡版無法容忍不確定性量表(Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale -12) 26
四、延伸心智量表(Extended Mind Questionnaire, XMQ) 27
五、症狀檢核量表(Symptom Check List-90-Revised) 31
第四節 資料分析 32

第三章、 研究結果 35
第一節 人口學變項 35
第二節 無手機恐懼與各測量變項間之相關分析 35
第三節 本研究之路徑假設模型檢驗 37
一、測量模型之信效度分析 37
二、結構方程模型之品質評鑑 40
(一)共線性診斷 40
(二)路徑分析 40
(三)研究模型解釋能力(R2、f 2值)評鑑 40
(四)模型預測能力(Q2值)評鑑 41
(五)模型整體配適度 41
(六)研究假設結構模型評鑑結果 41
三、本研究之中介效果驗證 42
(一)無法容忍不確定性、焦慮與無手機恐懼之中介效果檢驗 42
(二)無法容忍不確定性、延伸心智與無手機恐懼之中介效果檢驗 42

第四章、 討論與結論 45
第一節 研究結果重要發現與解釋 45
一、直接效果 45
二、延伸心智中介無法容忍不確定性與無手機恐懼 46
三、焦慮中介無法容忍不確定性與無手機恐懼 46
第二節 研究限制 47
一、參與者 47
二、研究工具 47
三、研究設計 47
第三節 研究貢獻與應用 48
一、貢獻 48
二、未來研究之延伸應用方向 49
參考文獻 51



表目次
表2-1 無手機恐懼量表項目分析之描述性統計評估法 28
表4-1 本研究之樣本特性 36
表4-2 研究變項間皮爾森相關係數矩陣 36
表4-3 測量模型之參數估計表 38
表4-4 全樣本之交叉負荷表 39
表4-5 Fornell-Larcker指標之區辨效度表 39
表4-6 全體樣本之結構模型路徑分析結果 43
表4-7 無法容忍不確定性、焦慮、延伸心智與無手機恐懼之中介效果檢定表 44

圖目次
圖1-1 無法容忍不確定性與無手機恐懼關係之概念圖 11
圖1-2 焦慮與無手機恐懼關係之概念圖 13
圖1-3 延伸心智與無手機恐懼關係之概念圖 17
圖1-4 焦慮中介無法容忍不確定性與無手機恐懼間關係之概念圖 20
圖1-5無法容忍不確定性與延伸心智間關係之概念圖 22
圖1-6延伸心智中介無法容忍不確定性與無手機恐懼之關係概念圖 22
圖1-7研究假設模型概念圖 23
圖2-1無手機恐懼量表之HCM驗證性因素分析結果 32
圖2-2無法容忍不確定性量表之HCM驗證性因素分析結果 33
圖2-3延伸心智量表之HCM驗證性因素分析結果 33
圖2-4簡易症狀(SCL-90-R)量表之HCM驗證性因素分析結果 34
圖4-1整體結構模型路徑係述、t值、解釋變異量之結果 44

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