臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著光通訊及雷射加工等產業應用的需求增加，光纖雷射的發展成為雷射市場的主流之一。由於雷射市場的應用需求，雷射放大器與鎖模光纖雷射源快速地發展，其中，脈衝式光纖雷射因具極高峰值功率的特點，皮秒與飛秒超快雷射在現今已廣泛被應用。而為了增加放大器的輸出功率，則必須提升更大的幫浦能量，這也使得增益光纖需要承受更大的內部光能轉換，而傳統的玻璃增益光纖，也將面臨材料損壞的極限。因此，我們在此研究中，嘗試將摻鐿釔鋁石榴石雷射晶體製做成光纖式光波導的結構，使雷射晶體同樣也具備光纖的光波導特性，而且不失其晶體材料強度的特性。
我們所使用的摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖為國立台灣大學固態雷射晶體與元件實驗室所提供。在實驗上，我們記錄此種晶體光纖於種子光源分別為連續式和脈衝式操作下，放大後的輸出功率、總增益及淨增益，並從頻譜的增加量與訊噪(ASE)的量測結果，驗證放大器的增益主要來自於訊號光的增益。而在模擬的部分，我們使用光纖雷射商用模擬軟體LiekkiTM，針對摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖放大器實驗的數值模擬與實驗結果進行對照，並模擬幫浦光源在不同輸出波長與輸出功率下，對放大器增益的影響。

The high-peak-power, picosecond and femtosecond fiber laser sources have been studied extensively. To improve the output powers of these fiber laser sources, we always need to provide more and more pump powers. Thus, the glass gain fiber needs to sustain not only the additional heat caused by high average power operation but also the surface damage caused by the high peak powers. To overcome these limitations, we propose an alternative gain medium, namely the Yb3+:YAG crystal fiber. Such a gain medium combines the advantages of crystal’s high mechanical strength and fiber’s waveguiding property.
In this thesis, we have built an amplifier by using the Yb3+:YAG crystal fibers, fabricated by Prof. Sheng-Lung Huang’s team at National Taiwan University. Experimentally, we measured the amplified output power, total gain and net gain of the seed laser sources under continuous wave and pulsed operation. We use LiekkiTM to compare the numerical simulation and experimental results of Yb3+YAG crystal fiber amplifier experiments, and analyze the effects of the pump source on the amplifier gain under different output wavelengths and powers.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 3
1.3 論文內容與章節概要 6
第二章 摻Yb3+晶體光纖之特性分析 8
2.1 釔鋁石榴石晶體之基本特性 8
2.2 摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖製程方法 10
2.3 摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖結構與材料參數 11
2.4 摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體之光學特性分析 12
第三章 鎖模摻鐿光纖產生的限制之研究 15
3.1 鎖模光纖雷射原理 15
3.2 非線性效應介紹 18
3.3 散射 21
3.4 自相位調變 24
3.5 光暗化效應 25
第四章 連續波Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗與數值模擬 30
4.1 被動式鎖模摻鐿光纖雷射之連續波輸出實驗 30
4.2 1050 nm連續波Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗 32
4.3 1030 nm連續波Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗 37
4.4 放大器輸出頻譜量測 39
4.5 Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之數值模擬 41
第五章 被動式鎖模Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗 46
5.1 被動式鎖模摻鐿光纖雷射之實驗 46
5.2 1050 nm脈衝式Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗 49
5.3 1030 nm脈衝式Yb3+:YAG晶體光纖放大器之實驗 51
5.4 放大器輸出頻譜量測 54
第六章 結論與未來展望 56
6.1 實驗結果統整 56
6.2 未來展望 57
參考文獻 59

[1]黎延垠，極紫外光範圍內矽鉬薄膜疊層的干涉光譜解析，國立臺灣大學，博士論文，2018年
[2]科儀新知，高功率奈秒摻鐿光纖主從式雷射放大器系統，第34卷第1期，pp.34，2012年8月
[3]S. W. Allison, G. T. Gillies, D. W. Magnuson, and T. S. Pagano, “Pulsed laser damage to optical fibers.” Applied Optics , Vol. 24, Issue 19, pp. 3140-3145 (1985)
[4]J.-F. Bisson, Y. Feng, A. Shirakawa, H. Yoneda, J. Lu, H. Yagi, T. Yanagitani, and K.-I. Ueda, “Laser damage threshold of ceramic YAG.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 42, pp. L 1025-L1027, 2003.
[5]D. J. Richardson, J. Nilsson, and W. A. Clarkson, “High power fiber lasers: current status and future perspectives.” Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 27, Issue 11, pp. B63-B92 (2010)
[6]Accuratus. [online]. Available:
https://www.accuratus.com/fused.html [Accessed:06-07-2022]
[7]OptoCity ®-Quality Crystal & Optical Components.[online].
Available: http://www.optocity.com/YbYAG.htm [Accessed:07-07-2022]
[8]科儀新知，高脈衝能量皮秒雷射，第32卷第4期，pp.79-79，2011年2月.
[9]Bright UltraFine Technology. [online]. Available:
https://www.buft.com.tw/article_detail/4.htm# [Accessed:06-07-2022]
[10]Laser Focus World. [online]. Available:
https://www.industrial-lasers.com/micromachining/article/14182223/laser-processing-technologies-in-the-electronics-industry [Accessed:06-07-2022]
[11]Laser Focus World. [online]. Available:
https://www.industrial-lasers.com/home/article/16485313/surface-texturing-with-pulsed-fiber-lasers [Accessed:06-07-2022]
[12]ASML.[online].Available:https://www.euvlitho.com/2013/S2.pdf [Accessed:07-07-2022]
[13]彭志豪，激光基質Yb:YAG晶體雙光子效應及其結構研究，國立中山大學，博士論文，2012年
[14]彭昕撰，高效率摻鐿釔鋁石榴石環形雷射，國立中山大學，碩士論文，2006年
[15]吳承容，熱處理鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體(Yb:YAG)之光學性質研究，輔仁大學，碩士論文，2004年
[16]許祐維，可調波長摻鉻釔鋁石榴石晶體光纖雷射之研究，國立台灣大學，碩士論文，2019
[17]W. F. Krupke, "Ytterbium solid-state lasers. The first decade," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 1287-1296, Nov.-Dec. 2000
[18]Qihong Lou, Jun Zhou, Yuanfeng Qi, Hong Cai, "Laser Applications of Transparent Polycrystalline Ceramic," 2011
[19]RüdigerPaschotta, "Laser Applications of Transparent Polycrystalline Ceramic," 2008
[20]RP Photonics.[online].Available:
https://www.rp-photonics.com/mode_locking.html [Accessed:07-03-2022]
[21]陳瑋凡，光孤子與耗散光孤子之摻鉺光纖雷射之動力學研究，國立台北科技大學，碩士論文，2019
[22]Anthony E. Siegman. “Lasers.” pp.1104-1116 (1986).
[23]C. A. Bennwtt. “Principles of physical optics.” pp.532-534 (2009).
[24]wikipedia.[online].Available:https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%90%84%E5%
90%91%E5%90%8C%E6%80%A7 [Accessed:06-26-2022]
[25]徐麟凱，高峰值全保偏摻鐿光纖飛秒雷射放大器之研究，國立台北科技大學，碩士論文，2017
[26]RP Photonics. [online]. Available: https://www.rp-photonics.com/scattering.html
[Accessed:06-27-2022]
[27]Ferrara, M. and L. Sirleto. “Stimulated Raman Scattering in Micro- and Nanophotonics.” (2018).
[28]P. D. Dragic and J. Ballato, “Characterisation of Raman gain spectra in Yb:YAG-derived optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 49(14), 895–897 (2013).
[29]RP Photonics.[online].Available:
https://www.rp-photonics.com/photodarkening.html
[Accessed:06-28-2022]
[30]B. Morasse, S. Chatigny, É. Gagnon, C. Hovington, J.-P. Martin, and J.-P. Sandro, “Low photodarkening single cladding ytterbium fibre amplifier,” Proc. SPIE 6453, 64530H (2007).
[31]S. Rydberg and M. Engholm, “Charge transfer processes and ultraviolet induced absorption in Yb:YAG single crystal laser materials,” J. Appl. Phys. 113, 223510 (2013).
[32]A.A. Rybaltovsky, K.K. Bobkov, V.V. Velmiskin, A.A. Umnikov, I.A. Shestakova, A.N. Guryanov, M.E. Likhachev, M.M. Bubnov, E.M. Dianov, The Yb-doped alumino-silicate fibers photo-darkening mechanism based on the charge-transfer state excitation. Proc. SPIE 8961, 896116-1 (2014)
[33]陳奕均，摻鐿釔鋁石榴石晶體雙纖衣光纖特性探討與放大器研究，國立台北科技大學，碩士論文，2021年