臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國內現存之投射型長效煙幕彈係為民國86年間採購之美造彈藥，其黃色煙幕發煙時間規格要求為57秒至170秒間，惟因已達汰除年限，在戰術價值上亟待重新開發。本論文目的在於重現此大口徑黃色煙幕技術並可運用於日後相關煙幕彈藥開發之基礎研究，期能縮短研發期程。國內雖無前述此型彈藥製造經驗及技術資料，然其他手持型或短效型煙幕自製已趨成熟，故規劃參考現有可達40秒以上之手持型短效煙幕劑配方(M18黃色煙幕手榴彈)進行改良，對氧化劑與黃色染料重新執行配方選用及成份比例調整，再利用微差掃描熱卡計(Differential Scanning Calorimetry, DSC) 及熱重分析儀(Thermogravimetric Analysis, TGA)取得最佳配方比例，依其發煙狀況以及時間選用配方三之氧化劑(Oxidizer)-氯酸鉀(Potassium Chlorate)24%、可燃劑(Fuel )-乳糖(lactose)22%、冷卻劑(Coolant)-碳酸氫鈉(Sodium Bicarbonate)4.5%和染色劑(Dye)-黃色染料(Yellow Dye)49.5%，失重率達90%，且其發煙時間在125~150秒之間並以老化試驗、靜態發煙測試及全彈動態測試驗證後均可滿足原設定之目標區間(57~170秒間)之要求。本研究之最終結果已成功重現大口徑煙幕技術之目標，未來可複製此模式運用於同型彈藥其他顏色之配方比例，直接進入驗證階段，有效縮短開發時程，另其熱分析方法亦可列為煙幕劑發展基礎研究方式，透過歷次實驗數據留存，未來可先行針對各種氧化劑、可燃劑及染料等組成物完成初步分析及成分選用，逐步建立煙幕技術大數據資料庫，對於國內煙幕技術發展助益良多，建立國防自主之磐石。

The current stock of smoke projectile was procured from United Stated in 1997. The requisite of yellow screen smoke projectile is required for a duration of 57 to 170 seconds; however, the current stock has already expired and the function loss still need to re-development to achieve desired tactics. The purpose of this thesis is reproducing the technique of smoke projectile in the aim of accelerating relevant ammunition development cycle in the future. Nevertheless, in short of domestic manufacturing or technical references, other hand grenade or short-term type are established in industry. So, it’s planned to modify referring formula of above mature type with 40 seconds screen duration. It’s expected the ingredient and ratio modification of oxidizer and yellow dyestuff. By using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the desired formula could be obtained. At the result of smoking status and duration, the research adopts the formula of sample #3, the oxidizer- potassium chlorate 24%, fuel-lactose 22%, coolant- sodium bicarbonate 4.5%, dye- yellow dye 49.5%, the weight loss rate is 90%, and the smoking time is between 125 and 150 seconds. Various tests such as thermal analysis, aging test, static test and full-bomb dynamic test can meet the origin requirement for 57~170 seconds. The final formula result can apply to relevant ammunition and get it into testing phase as soon as possible saving the development cycle. On the other hand, the thermal analysis method can also be included in fundamental research of smoke formula. By the legacy of experimental data conservation, in the future, it can focus on ingredient analyzing and screening of oxidizer, fuel, dyestuff in advance and establish the big data step by step. It benefits the domestic smoking technique and build up the firmest foundation for our indigenous defense.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論1
1.1研究背景1
1.2研究動機2
1.3研究目的3
第二章 文獻探討4
2.1煙幕彈概論4
2.2發煙劑7
2.2.1發煙劑的顏色來源8
2.2.1.1白色發煙劑9
2.2.1.2彩色發煙劑10
2.2.2發煙劑的燃燒14
2.2.2.1燃燒性能16
2.2.2.2影響燃燒的因素17
2.3彩色發煙劑之相關研究18
第三章 材料與實驗方法22
3.1實驗流程24
3.2實驗設備28
3.3實驗藥劑33
3.4測試方法35
3.4.1發煙劑熱分析方法35
3.4.2發煙劑老化測試方法35
3.4.3發煙劑靜態測試方法36
3.4.4全彈動態測試方法37
3.4.5安全注意事項38
3.4.5.1製程安全注意事項38
3.4.5.2測試安全注意事項39
3.4.5.3不擊發彈之處置39
第四章 結果與討論40
4.1發煙劑熱分析40
4.2發煙劑老化實驗結果44
4.3發煙劑靜態測試結果46
4.4全彈動態測試結果49
第五章 結論51
參考文獻53

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