臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

超穎材料為一種具有特殊結構設計的人工製造材料，因其特殊物理和機械特性，使得超穎材料在相關工業應用上具有相當大的潛力。本研究提出一種頻率可調式超穎平板以阻隔振動來達到減振的效果。相較於傳統超穎材料的固定頻率阻帶，雖然近幾年的文獻中有提到可調整頻率的超穎材料，但結構多半複雜且製造困難，因此難以實際應用。故在本研究設計鎳鈦形狀記憶合金(Shape Memory Alloy, SMA)與聚乳酸(Poly Lactic Acid, PLA)所結合而成的吸振器，並使用週期陣列排列裝置於鋁製平板組合成超穎平板。首先使用有限元素軟體，對超穎平板的振動情形以及頻率阻帶(stopband)分布和變化進行設計與分析，再製作實驗模型將超穎平板四周邊界固定進行動態特性量測，最後與分析之結果進行比較。研究結果顯示，可以透過改變記憶合金相變，獲得可調整頻率阻帶之超穎平板，調整範圍可達大約600 Hz，並可配置不同相態吸振器，可以得到多個頻率阻帶，或者將吸振器根據振動模態配置於適當位置，可以得到較大的頻率阻帶，因此對於工業上減振之應用有所幫助。

Metamaterials are artificial materials with special structural design. Due to their unusual physical and mechanical properties, metamaterials have great potential for related industrial applications. In this study, tunable metamaterials plate is proposed to achieve vibration reduction. Although there were references to tunable metamaterials in the literature in recent years, most of the proposed structures were complicated and difficult to manufacture. Therefore, they are usually difficult to be applied in practice. In this study, comparing with conventional metamaterials with a fixed frequency stopband, we use a combination of nitinol shape memory alloy (SMA) and poly lactic acid (PLA) to form a vibration absorber unit and combine with aluminum plate with a periodic array of the absorber units to form a metamaterials plate. The experimental model was constructed to measure the dynamic characteristics of the metamaterials plate by fixing the boundaries around the plate and comparing the results with the analysis. The results show that the frequency stopband can be adjusted by changing the phase state of the shape memory alloy, and the frequency stopband can be adjusted up to about 600 Hz. This metamaterial plate can be configured with different phase state absorbers to obtain multiple frequency stopbands, or to obtain a larger frequency stopband by placing the absorbers at appropriate positions, which is useful for industrial applications in vibration reduction.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌 謝 iv
目 錄 v
表 目 錄 vii
圖 目 錄 viii
1 第一章 前言 1
1.1 背景介紹 1
1.2 研究動機及目的 2
1.3 研究方法 2
1.4 論文架構 3
2 第二章 文獻回顧與基礎理論 4
2.1 超穎材料 4
2.1.1 可調式超穎材料 6
2.1.2 等效質量 8
2.2 形狀記憶合金 10
2.2.1 形狀記憶效應 10
2.2.2 超彈性 12
2.3 吸振器 13
2.3.1 SMA吸振器 13
2.3.2 吸振器之簡諧運動方程式 15
3 第三章 超穎平板設計 17
3.1 U型SMA吸振器 17
3.1.1 SMA吸振器之尺寸設計 17
3.1.2 SMA吸振器之動態特性 19
3.2 超穎平板設計 20
3.2.1 平板 20
3.2.2 超穎平板 23
3.3 有限元素分析 25
3.3.1 分析環境設定 25
3.3.2 網格收斂分析 26
3.3.2.1 鋁製平板 26
3.3.2.2 SMA吸振器 28
4 第四章 實驗架構與設備 30
4.1 SMA吸振器製作 30
4.2 SMA相變溫度量測 33
4.3 SMA吸振器單元之動態特性量測 34
4.4 超穎平板之製作 35
4.5 超穎平板之動態特性量測 36
5 第五章 結果與討論 37
5.1 有限元素分析結果 37
5.1.1 驗證有限元素模型之正確性 37
5.1.2 完整配置吸振器之超穎平板動態特性 39
5.1.2.1 全部麻田散體 40
5.1.2.2 全部沃斯田體 41
5.2 SMA相變溫度 43
5.3 SMA吸振器單元之動態特性 45
5.4 超穎平板之動態特性 49
5.4.1 單一相態之超穎平板 51
5.4.2 複合相態之超穎平板 58
5.4.2.1 平均配置 58
5.4.2.2 第一頻率阻帶 62
5.4.2.3 第二頻率阻帶 65
5.4.2.4 三種相態 69
6 第六章 結論與未來展望 71
6.1 結論 71
6.2 未來展望 72
參考文獻 74

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