臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水資源管理一直都是全球研究與關注之議題，特別是集水區之逕流管理與非點源汙染控制，而數理模式以成為水資源管理非常有效的工具。SWAT模式係一集水區非點源汙染管理模式，曾廣泛應用於國內外許多集水區，而SWAT+(Soil and Water Assessment Tool+)模式則為原SWAT模式開發團隊於2019年在原本模式基礎上加以改良並修正後推出之新版本。
本研究主要簡介SWAT+模式之重大更新與新空間組態變革，比較新舊版中參數定義與演算方程式之修正，並彙整新舊版輸入參數之差異，最後以新的空間物件建立翡翠水庫集水區組態，模擬自2008至2018年，共計11年間之河川流量變化，評估SWAT+模式之水文模擬成效。
研究結果顯示SWAT+模式在河川流量之模擬呈現整體低估，年檢定與驗證效率係數趨近於零，而月檢定與驗證效率係數也分別只有0.07和0.09。深入分析後發現SWAT+模式之地表水傳輸與量化十分合理，年檢定與驗證效率係數高達0.90和0.86，月檢定與驗證效率係數則分別為0.89和0.88，表示SWAT+模式預設之地景單元流量分配合理，不需使用者改寫分配比例，即可反應集水區內地表水流況。然而，另一方面模式模擬地下含水層補注至河道水量似有過分低估情形，進而導致河川基流量偏低，因此河川流量長期模擬也呈現低估。最後本研究參考兩篇近期相關文獻，再次深入分析目前地下水流演算欠佳之主要原因，也為後續研究者提供改善模擬指引與建議後續研究之方向。

Water management has always been a primary issue of global concern, especially the storm water management and the nonpoint source pollution control in watershed. To deal with it, mathematical models have been validated as highly effective tools for water management. The SWAT model is a watershed-scale and nonpoint source pollution management model, which has been successfully used worldwide. The successor, SWAT+(Soil and Water Assessment Tool+) model, developed by the SWAT development team, was initially released in 2019 on the basis of the original model with improvements and enhanced capabilities.
This study aims to depict the SWAT+ model for the maror modifications and the new spatial watershed configuration in a concise way. Moreover, the comparisons between SWAT and SWAT+ will be accomplished including the parameter definitions and equation modifications. Eventually, the SWAT+model has been applied to FeiTsui Reservoir Watershed comprised of new spatial objects and manages to evaluate the performance of streamflow simulation.
The results show that the SWAT+model largely underestimates the streamflow for annual simulation with the efficiency coefficients of near zero during both of calibration and validation. In addition, monthly streamflow simulation only presents efficiency coefficients of 0.07 and 0.09 for calibration and validation, respectively. Further investigation found that the SWAT’s performance in monthly surface runoff simulation is quite reasonable with efficiency as high as 0.89 and 0.88 for calibration and validation, respectively. This success indicates that the SWAT+ model distributes surface runoff appropriately in landscape unit configuration. However, the model thoroughly underestimates that aquifer water that recharges back to the channel, resulting in the low base flow and leading to underestimates of streamflow simulation. Finally, further analysis of main factors involving poor groundwater routing is discussed via two related literatures. The guidelines of simulation improvement are proposed to provide further directions for successive study.

摘　要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌　謝 v
目　錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機及目的 2
1.3研究架構及流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 SWAT模式過去研究與應用 6
2.2 SWAT+模式空間物件變動 9
2.3 SWAT+模式結合MODFLOW模式演算地下水 11
2.4 SWAT+模式其他功能擴充 14
第三章 研究方法 16
3.1 SWAT與SWAT+模式介紹 16
3.1.1 水體(water body)成空間物件 18
3.1.2 水庫設置 19
3.1.3 地景單元LSU（Landscape Unit） 21
3.1.4 水文反應單元HRU（Hydrologic Response Unit） 23
3.1.5 水文過程 24
3.2 研究區域 33
3.2.1 地文資料收集 34
3.2.2 氣象資料收集 40
3.2.3 集水區內流量測站 42
3.4 檢定驗證程序 43
3.5 配適度檢定 47
第四章 成果與討論 50
4.1 模式參數檢定成果 50
4.2 模擬成果與討論 51
4.2.1 SWAT+模式河川流量模擬成果 53
4.2.2 SWAT+模式地表逕流量模擬成果 59
4.2.3 SWAT+模式含水層補注至河川模擬成果 65
4.2.4 SWAT+模式模擬地表逕流疊加坪林站基流成果 71
4.3 綜合討論 77
4.3.1 SWAT+地下水模組相關之文獻討論 78
4.3.2 地下水流模擬成效不彰之分析 80
第五章 結論與建議 82
5.1結論 82
5.2建議 83
參考文獻 85

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