臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水庫用於調節枯豐期水量，穩定水源供給需求。但水庫因氣候、地形及人為開發等影響常面臨水庫優養化問題，尤其離島水庫集水區、水文以及水質特性與本島水庫差異甚大，且多位於中下游，因此離島水庫水質比本島水庫表現差，常年屬優養化狀態。
研究場址陽明湖，2002年至2012年卡爾森指數（CTSI）為52 ~ 78.9，總磷濃度為12 ~ 96 μg/L，屬於長年優養化嚴重之水庫。另外金門位於東亞－澳大利亞鳥類遷徙線（East－Asian-Australasian Flyway），因此當地候鳥資源豐富，而離島水庫生態圈恰巧滿足候鳥食物來源與休憩地點，其中當地民眾與專家學者提出疑問；鳥類於湖畔中覓食與休憩時產生的排遺，是否會影響陽明湖水庫水質，因此本研究透過現地水質與鳥糞採樣分析2021年至2022年水質濃度變化與排遺內總磷含量，並透過水質模式模擬陽明湖總磷濃度變化與計算鳥類總磷占陽明湖負荷量來源之比例，釐清排遺對於陽明湖總磷濃度之影響。
本研究現地採樣結果，陽明湖平均總磷濃度較歷史平均濃度高出5倍，濃度為108 ~ 387 μg/L；排遺內總磷重量百分比為4.6 ~7.7%；從現地採樣照片比對中，樹上排遺可能會受到降雨沖刷至湖庫內造成短時間濃度增加。模式模擬結果鸕鶿排遺占陽明湖污染負荷來源70%，並且會影響陽明湖總磷濃度，尤其在低蓄水量時濃度變化更為顯著。

Reservoirs are used to regulate the volume of water in the dry season to stabilize water supply needs. However, due to climate, topography and human development, reservoirs are often exposed to reservoir eutrophication. Especially since the catchment, hydrology and water quality characteristics of outlying island reservoirs are very different from those of local island reservoirs located in the middle and lower reaches.
The Carlson Index (CTSI) of Yangming Lake, the study site, ranged from 52-78.9, and the total phosphorus concentration from 2002-2012 is ranged from 12-96 μg/L, making it a severely eutrophic reservoir for many years. In addition, Kinmen is located in the East Asian Australasian Flyway, which is rich in local migratory birds, and the outlying island reservoir ecosystem happens to meet the food source and resting place for migratory birds. The local people, experts and scholars questioned; when birds forage and rest at the lake, whether the excrement produced by birds foraging and resting at the lake would affect the water quality of Yangming Lake reservoir. Therefore, this study analyzed the changes in water quality and total phosphorus content in the bottom sediment of Yangming Lake from 2021 to 2022 by sampling local water quality, bird droppings, and simulated the changes in total phosphorus concentration in Yangming Lake.Through a water quality model, calculating the proportion of total phosphorus in Yangming Lake as a loading source and determine the effect of discharge on total phosphorus concentration in Yangming Lake.
In this study, the average concentration of total phosphorus in Yang Ming Lake was five times higher than the historical average, with concentrations ranging from 108 to 387 μg/L. The weight percentages of total phosphorus in the excreta ranged from 4.6 to 7.7%. Comparison of field sampling photographs suggests that tree excretion may have been washed into the lake reservoir by rainfall, resulting in short-term increases in concentrations. Model simulations showed that cormorant excretion accounted for 70% of the pollution load in Yangming Lake and influenced the total phosphorus concentration in Yangming Lake, especially when the reservoir capacity was low.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 章節介紹 2
第二章 文獻回顧 4
2.1 水庫優養化 4
2.2 鳥類排遺與水質影響 6
2.2.1 水體中負荷量推估 6
2.2.2 相關研究成果 8
2.3 地面水體水質模式 11
2.3.1 HSPF集水區模式 12
2.3.2 Vollenweider水質模式 15
2.4 模式判定指標 17
第三章 材料與方法 20
3.1 研究區域背景概述 20
3.1.1 地理環境 20
3.1.2 水文與水質 23
3.1.3 歷史水質 25
3.1.4 鳥類調查 28
3.2 現地採樣 30
3.2.1 水質採樣 30
3.2.2 鳥糞採樣 31
3.3 模式介紹 33
3.3.1 BASINS集水區管理系統 33
3.3.2 HSPF模擬架構 34
3.3.3 Vollenweider模擬架構 44
3.3.4 模式判定指標 46
3.4 蓄水與入滲量計算 48
第四章 結果與討論 52
4.1 現地採樣結果分析 52
4.1.1 水質 57
4.1.2 水質與鳥類相關性 62
4.1.3 排遺量推估 63
4.2 模式建置 64
4.3 模式率定驗證 67
4.3.1 HSPF 68
4.3.2 Vollenweider 73
4.4 鳥類與水質優養化關係 78
4.4.1 污染負荷貢獻量 79
4.4.2 水質影響 80
4.5 情境設定 81
4.5.1 情境模擬結果 82
4.5.2 結果分析 83
第五章 結論與建議 86
5.1 結論 86
5.2 建議 87
參考文獻 88

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