臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究透過資料包絡分析法探討台灣地區14個產業之用電產出效率，並透過生產力變動指數探討2015年至2020年多時期之電力效率變化。使用2015年至2020年的國內生產毛額(GDP)、就業人口數、台電售電量、國內固定資本形成毛額四項資料作為模型輸入資料。
單時期分析結果為礦業與土石採集業、製造業、營造業、批發及零售業、金融保險及不動產業，此五種產業屬於相對有效率之產業。由Malmquist分析多時期之生產力變動可以發現農林漁牧業、用水供應與汙水整治業、運輸與倉儲業、住宿與餐飲業、出版與資通業、專業科學技術服務業、公共行政與國防、社會服務及個人服務業、其他服務業之純技術效率持續衰退。因此建議政府應該在上述之行業提出相關政策，減少電力資源之消耗。

This study uses data envelopment analysis to explore the electricity efficiency of 14 industries in Taiwan, and then uses malmquist to explore the changes in electricity efficiency from 2015 to 2020. The four items of gross domestic product (GDP), the number of employed population, the electricity sales of Taipower, and the gross domestic fixed capital formation from 2015 to 2020 are used as model input data. The results of the single-period analysis are mining and soil collection, manufacturing, construction, wholesale and retail, finance and insurance, and real estate. These five industries are relatively efficient industries. According to Malmquist analysis, it can be found that agriculture, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry, water supply and sewage treatment, transportation and storage, accommodation and catering, publishing and information communication, professional science and technology services, public administration and national defense, social services and personal services The pure technical efficiency of industries and other service industries continues to decline. Therefore, it is suggested that the government should put forward relevant policies in the above-mentioned industries to reduce the consumption of electricity resources.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vi
圖目錄 vii
一、 研究起源 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機與研究目的 2
二、文獻探討 3
2.1 能源效率 3
2.2 環境效率 10
2.3 管理效率與生產效率 11
三、研究方法 14
3.1 研究流程圖 14
3.2 Farrell效率 17
3.3 資料包落分析法 18
3.4 Malmquist生產力指數 21
3.5 投入及產出項目說明 22
3.6 皮爾森積動差相關係數 25
3.7資料變數之統計說明 26
四、結果與討論 29
4.1單時期產業分析 30
4.2 Malmquist多時期產業變化分析 37
4.3討論 41
五、結論及建議 42
5.1 結論 42
5.2 未來建議 43
參考文獻 44
附錄 47
2015年投入資料 47
2016年投入資料 48
2017年投入資料 49
2018年投入資料 50
2019年投入資料 51
2020年投入資料 52

[1]IEA國際能源署, “2019至2021年各地區電力需求變化,” https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2021/electricity, 2021.
[2]經濟部能源局, “能源轉型白皮書,” https://energywhitepaper.tw/#/, 2020.
[3]台灣電力公司, “台電歷年售電量,” https://www.taipower.com.tw/upload/43/43_04/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88/%E6%AD%B7%E5%B9%B4%E5%94%AE%E9%9B%BB%E9%87%8F-110.pdf, 2021.
[4]Y. M. Wei, H. Liao, and Y. Fan, “An empirical analysis of energy efficiency in China’s iron and steel sector,” Energy, vol. 32, no. 12, pp. 2262–2270, Dec. 2007, doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2007.07.007.
[5]S. Honma and J. L. Hu, “Total-factor energy efficiency of regions in Japan,” Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 821–833, Feb. 2008, doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2007.10.026.
[6]K. Mukherjee, “Energy use efficiency in the Indian manufacturing sector: An interstate analysis,” Energy Policy, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 662–672, Feb. 2008, doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2007.10.015.
[7]S. M. Nassiri and S. Singh, “Study on energy use efficiency for paddy crop using data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique,” Applied Energy, vol. 86, no. 7–8, pp. 1320–1325, Jul. 2009, doi: 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2008.10.007.
[8]T. Shu, X. Zhong, and S. Zhang, “TFP Electricity Consumption Efficiency and Influencing Factor Analysis Based on DEA Method,” Energy Procedia, vol. 12, pp. 91–97, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2011.10.013.
[9]J. L. Hu, M. C. Lio, F. Y. Yeh, and C. H. Lin, “Environment-adjusted regional energy efficiency in Taiwan,” Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 2893–2899, Aug. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2011.01.068.
[10]X. P. Zhang, X. M. Cheng, J. H. Yuan, and X. J. Gao, “Total-factor energy efficiency in developing countries,” Energy Policy, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 644–650, Feb. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2010.10.037.
[11]C. Wei, J. Ni, and M. Sheng, “China’s energy inefficiency: A cross-country comparison,” The Social Science Journal, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 478–488, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/J.SOSCIJ.2011.05.004.
[12]J. Blomberg, E. Henriksson, and R. Lundmark, “Energy efficiency and policy in Swedish pulp and paper mills: A data envelopment analysis approach,” Energy Policy, vol. 42, pp. 569–579, Mar. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2011.12.026.
[13]C. Bampatsou, S. Papadopoulos, and E. Zervas, “Technical efficiency of economic systems of EU-15 countries based on energy consumption,” Energy Policy, vol. 55, pp. 426–434, Apr. 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.ENPOL.2012.12.021.
[14]Z. Xiaoli, Y. Rui, and M. Qian, “China’s total factor energy efficiency of provincial industrial sectors,” Energy, vol. 65, pp. 52–61, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2013.12.023.
[15]K. Li and B. Lin, “The efficiency improvement potential for coal, oil and electricity in China’s manufacturing sectors,” Energy, vol. 86, pp. 403–413, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2015.04.013.
[16]A. Mardani, E. K. Zavadskas, D. Streimikiene, A. Jusoh, and M. Khoshnoudi, “A comprehensive review of data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach in energy efficiency,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70, pp. 1298–1322, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.RSER.2016.12.030.
[17]H. Moon and D. Min, “Assessing energy efficiency and the related policy implications for energy-intensive firms in Korea: DEA approach,” Energy, vol. 133, pp. 23–34, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2017.05.122.
[18]V. Pais-Magalhães, V. Moutinho, and M. Robaina, “Households’ electricity consumption efficiency of an ageing population: A DEA analysis for the EU-28,” The Electricity Journal, vol. 33, no. 8, p. 106823, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/J.TEJ.2020.106823.
[19]R. Wang, Q. Wang, and S. Yao, “Evaluation and difference analysis of regional energy efficiency in China under the carbon neutrality targets: Insights from DEA and Theil models,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 293, p. 112958, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2021.112958.
[20]Z. Wang and X. Wang, “Research on the impact of green finance on energy efficiency in different regions of China based on the DEA-Tobit model,” Resources Policy, vol. 77, p. 102695, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2022.102695.
[21]T. Sueyoshi and M. Goto, “DEA environmental assessment in a time horizon: Malmquist index on fuel mix, electricity and CO2 of industrial nations,” Energy Economics, vol. 40, pp. 370–382, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/J.ENECO.2013.07.013.
[22]J. Wu, M. Li, Q. Zhu, Z. Zhou, and L. Liang, “Energy and environmental efficiency measurement of China’s industrial sectors: A DEA model with non-homogeneous inputs and outputs,” Energy Economics, vol. 78, pp. 468–480, Feb. 2019, doi: 10.1016/J.ENECO.2018.11.036.
[23]W. S. Lee and K. P. Lee, “Benchmarking the performance of building energy management using data envelopment analysis,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 29, no. 16, pp. 3269–3273, Nov. 2009, doi: 10.1016/J.APPLTHERMALENG.2008.02.034.
[24]N. Li, Y. Jiang, Z. Yu, and L. Shang, “Analysis of Agriculture Total-Factor Energy Efficiency in China Based on DEA and Malmquist indices,” Energy Procedia, vol. 142, pp. 2397–2402, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/J.EGYPRO.2017.12.173.
[25]P. Zurano-Cervelló, C. Pozo, J. M. Mateo-Sanz, L. Jiménez, and G. Guillén-Gosálbez, “Electricity mix assessment of the EU member countries using DEA and EffMixF,” Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, vol. 43, pp. 445–450, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64235-6.50080-2.
[26]R. Zhang, Q. Wei, A. Li, and L. Y. Ren, “Measuring efficiency and technology inequality of China’s electricity generation and transmission system: A new approach of network Data Envelopment Analysis prospect cross-efficiency models,” Energy, vol. 246, p. 123274, May 2022, doi: 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2022.123274.
[27]M. J. Farrell, “THE MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY·,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, vol. 120, pp. 253–281, 1957.
[28]A. Charnes, W. W. Cooper, and E. Rhodes, “Measuring the efficiency of decision making units,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 429–444, Nov. 1978, doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(78)90138-8.
[29]R. D. Banker, A. Charnes, and W. W. Cooper, “SOME MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TECHNICAL AND SCALE INEFFICIENCIES IN DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS*,” 1984.
[30]Sten Malmquist, “Index numbers and indifference surfaces,” Trabajos de Estadistica volume, pp. 209–242, Jul. 1953.
[31]D. W. Caves, L. R. Christensen, and W. E. Diewert, “The Economic Theory of Index Numbers and the Measurement of Input, Output, and Productivity,” 1982.
[32]R. Färe, S. Grosskopf, M. Norris, and Z. Zhang, “Productivity Growth, Technical Progress, and Efficiency Change in Industrialized Countries,” 1994.