臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

5G NR規格日趨繁複，本論文接續我們元智大學通訊信號處理實驗室(CSP Lab) 5G訊號測試技術研究，並在5G向量訊號產生及分析(Vector Signal Generation/Analysis, VSG/VSA)方面增加三項新功能如下。首先是實體層廣播通道(PBCH)包括極化編解碼(Polar Coding)的功能驗證，吾人依據3GPP 規格，在5G VSG加入了從32位元的Master Information Block (MIB) 經過CRC-24、Interleaving、512位元 Polar Coding、直到864位元Rate Matching的一系列流程，同時也完成了VSA的對應解調流程，以上過程均經過Keysight 89600 VSA軟體驗證無誤。第二項新增功能是MIMO天線端口驗證，包括VSG/VSA對不同天線端口的Layer Mapping/Demapping、解調參考訊號(DMRS) 配置以及功率設定，同時也完成Keysight 89600 VSA軟體驗證。最後一項新增功能是寬頻分段功率頻譜估測和用來量測鄰近通道洩漏比(Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio, ACLR)的功能，針對軟體無線電即時頻寬限制，吾人使用多頻率點接收訊號的分段Welch Power Spectrum Density (PSD)，然後用首尾相接方式來建構出更大頻寬的功率頻譜估測，並設定ACLR相鄰頻帶位移及頻寬，可對PSD積分得到5G Conformance Test中所規範的ACLR量測，最後本項目採用USRP B210 軟體無線電以每段20 MHz方式完成220 MHz 的功率頻譜估測和ACLR 測試。

5G NR specifications are becoming more and more complicated. This thesis continues the CSPLab research on 5G signal testing technology, and adds three new functions in our 5G Vector Signal Generation/Analysis (VSG/VSA) software as follows. The first is the functional verification of the physical layer broadcast channel (PBCH) including Polar Coding/Decoding. According to the 3GPP specification, we added to the 5G VSG a series of processes from the 32-bit Master Information Block (MIB), CRC-24, Interleaving, 512-bit Polar Coding, Interleaving, to 864-bit Rate Matching. We also complte the corresponding demodulation process in our 5G VSA software. All the above processes have been verified by Keysight 89600 VSA software.

The second new feature added is MIMO antenna port verification for 5G VSG/VSA, including Layer Mapping/Demapping for different antenna ports, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration and power setting. The above function is also verified by Keysight 89600 VSA. The last new feature is broadband segmented power spectrum estimation and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement. Due to limited real-time bandwidth of soft radio, we use several frequency points to receive multiple signals to calculate the segmented Welch Power Spectrum Density (PSD), and then use the tail-to-head adherence method to construct a larger bandwidth PSD estimate. By setting the ACLR adjacent frequency band shift and bandwidth, the PSD can be integrated to obtain the ACLR measurement result for 5G Conformance Test. Finally, we use the USRP B210 software defined radio to complete the PSD estimation of 220 MHz wide bandwidth and associated ACLR test with 11 consecutive segmented PSD estimates of 20 MHz each.

目錄
書名 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
致謝 v
目錄 vi
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 x
第一章 序論 - 1 -
1.1 研究背景與動機 - 1 -
1.2 論文架構介紹 - 3 -
第二章 5G NR下鏈實體層PBCH訊號產生與分析 - 4 -
2.1 前言 - 4 -
2.2 正交分頻多工技術(OFDM) - 4 -
2.2.1循環字首 - 6 -
2.3 5G NR實體層參數與框架結構 - 7 -
2.3.1 5G NR 訊框結構 - 8 -
2.4 資源網格 - 10 -
2.4 SSB(Synchronization Signal Block) - 11 -
2.4.1 SSB 時域位置 - 14 -
第三章 5G NR Downlink PBCH 訊號產生分析 - 16 -
3.1 前言 - 16 -
3.2 PBCH 發射訊號產生 - 16 -
3.2.1 Payload Generation - 16 -
3.2.2 Interleaving - 17 -
3.2.3 Scrambling - 18 -
3.2.4 Polar Encoding - 19 -
3.2.5 Rate Matching - 22 -
3.3 PBCH 接收端 - 23 -
3.3.1 Polar Decoding - 23 -
3.4 PBCH VSA驗證 - 25 -
第四章 5G NR MIMO訊號產生分析 - 29 -
4.1 前言 - 29 -
4.2 5G NR PDSCH - 29 -
4.2.1 Scrambling - 30 -
4.2.2 Modulation - 30 -
4.2.3 Layer Mapping - 31 -
4.2.4 Antenna Port Mapping - 32 -
4.3 PDSCH-DMRS - 33 -
4.4 PDSCH Keysight 89600 VSA分析 - 39 -
第五章 利用分段功率頻譜估測的ACLR檢測 - 45 -
5.1 前言 - 45 -
5.2 分段功率頻譜分析 - 45 -
5.3 ACLR - 48 -
5.4 ACLR 分段功率頻譜硬體接收驗證 - 49 -
第六章 結論 - 54 -
參考資料 - 55 -

[1]EDN Taiwan, “5G NR是何方神聖？”
https://www.edntaiwan.com/20170717-5g-new-radio/
[2]EE Time Taiwan , “為何5G網路需要Sub-6GHz與大規模MIMO？”, https://www.eettaiwan.com/20210312nt31-5g-and-gan-understanding-sub-6ghz-massive-mimo-infrastructure/
[3]Keysight Technologies,“5G NR gNB Conformance Testing and Solution”, April. 2021
[4]Anritsu, ‘‘5G NR Sub-6 GHz Measurement Methods’’, August. 2019
[5]關於手機通訊, https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10236019
[6]3GPP TS 38.211: v15.8, Dec. 2019, NR; Physical channels and modulation, (Release 15)
[7]3GPP TS 38.104: v16.3, Mar. 2020, NR ; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception, (Release 16)
[8]Sharenote, ‘‘5G/NR-Frame Structure’’, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_FrameStructure.html
[9]Z. Lin, J. Li, Y. Zheng, N. V. Irukulapati, H. Wang and H. Sahlin, "SS/PBCH Block Design in 5G New Radio (NR)," 2018 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), 2018, pp. 1-6
[10]Keysight Technologies, “Understanding the 5G NR Physical Layer”, Mar. 2020.
[11]Sharenote, ‘‘5G/NR-SS Block’’, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_SS_Block.html
[12]Sharenote, ‘‘5G/NR-PBCH’’, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_PBCH.html
[13]3GPP TS38.212: v15.2, Jun. 2018, NR; Mutiplexing and Channel coding, (Release 15)
[14]丁佳偉, “極化碼和第五代無線通信系統中使用極化碼之研究”, 國立交通大學電信工程系碩士論文
[15]Henry D. Pfister, ‘‘A Brief Introduction to Polar Codes’’, Oct. 2017
[16]Sharenote,‘‘5G/NR-PDSCH”, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_PDSCH.html
[17]Sharenote,‘‘5G/NR-PDSCH DMRS”, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_PDSCH.html
[18]3GPP TS38.214:v15.2,Jun. 2018,NR; Physical layer procedures for data (Release 15)
[19]3GPP TS38.141:v16.1,Sep. 2019,NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing
Part 1: Conducted conformance testing (Release 16)
[20]Sharenote, ‘‘5G/NR-Resource Block Indexing, https://www.sharetechnote.com/html/5G/5G_ResourceBlockIndexing.html