臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著全球人口不斷的增長以及全球暖化造成極端氣候的影響，環境的變化使得許多農作物逐漸無法在原本的地域生長，為了解決農作物生長的問題，可以利用溫室種植。本論文使用空氣溫濕度感測器、二氧化碳感測器、土壤溫度感測器、土壤濕度感測器與亮度感測器量測溫室的環境，並使用風扇、加熱器、灑水器、LED 燈等裝置控制溫室環境，藉由嵌入式微控制系統與雲端伺服器建構自動化操作與遠距監控的功能，增加效能並降低人力的需求。
本論文使用 MTK LinkIt 7697 嵌入式微控制器開發板做為核心，開發適用於小型農業溫室的物聯網 (Internet of Things, IoT) 系統，整合溫濕度感測器、二氧化碳感測器、土壤溫度感測器、土壤濕度感測器與亮度感測器，根據感測器所得的數據，驅動風扇、加熱器、灑水器與 LED 燈等裝置確保溫室中植物得到合宜的生長環境，這些環境控制裝置都是使用脈衝寬度調變 (Pulse Width Modulation, PWM) 的方式進行驅動控制，可視需要調整裝置的輸出量。
本論文規劃透過 LinkIt 7697 內建的無線區域網路 (Wi-Fi) 模組連接無線網路的路由器，經由垂直專網上傳監控數據至私人雲端伺服器。本論文的雲端伺服器使用樹莓派單板微電腦 (Raspberry Pi 4B, RPi 4B) 為基礎建置，安裝 MQTT 伺服器傳送數值與操控指令，安裝 Node-RED 伺服器用於規劃輸入指令與觀測數值的網頁，使用者透過網頁瀏覽器讀取溫室內的環境狀態，實現溫室環境的遠端量測與控制。

With the continuous growth of the global population and the impacts of global warming leading to extreme climatic conditions, environmental changes have rendered many crops unable to thrive in their original regions. To address the issue of crop growth, greenhouse cultivation can be employed. This thesis utilizes air temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, and light sensors to measure the greenhouse environment. Various devices such as fans, heaters, sprinklers, and LED lights are employed to control the greenhouse environment. Through the integration of embedded microcontroller systems and cloud servers, automated operations and remote monitoring capabilities are established in this research, enhancing efficiency and reducing the need for manual intervention.
This thesis utilizes the MTK LinkIt 7697 embedded microcontroller development board as the core to develop an Internet of Things (IoT) system suitable for smallscale agricultural greenhouses. It integrates temperature and humidity sensors, carbon dioxide sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, and light sensors. Based on the data obtained from these sensors, the system drives devices such as fans, heaters, sprinklers, and LED lights to ensure that the greenhouse provides optimal growth conditions for plants. These environmental control devices are all operated using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for precise output control, allowing adjustments to the device outputs as needed.
The thesis outlines a plan to utilize the built-in Wi-Fi module of the LinkIt 7697 to establish a connection with a wireless network router. Through a dedicated vertical network, monitoring data will be uploaded to a private cloud server. The cloud server in this study is built upon the Raspberry Pi 4B single-board microcomputer (RPi 4B). An MQTT server is installed to transmit data and control commands, while a Node-RED server is set up to design web interfaces for input commands and observed data values. Users can access and manage the greenhouse's environmental conditions remotely through a web browser, achieving remote measurement and control of the greenhouse environment.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 理論介紹 3
2.1 溫室的環境介紹 3
2.2 環境感測的原理 3
2.2.1 空氣溫度及空氣濕度感測的原理 3
2.2.2 二氧化碳感測原理 4
2.2.3 土壤溫度感測原理 4
2.2.4 土壤濕度感測的原理 4
2.2.5 亮度感測的原理 5
2.3 環境控制的原理 5
2.3.1 空氣溫度與二氧化碳濃度的控制 5
2.3.2 加熱器的控制 6
2.3.3 土壤濕度的控制 6
2.3.4 亮度的控制 6
2.4 無線通訊技術簡介 6
2.5 軟體基站與垂直專網簡介 7
2.6 物聯網簡介 7
2.6 雲端儲存空間簡介 8
第三章 系統設計與硬體架構 9
3.1 系統架構 9
3.2 嵌入式微控制系統的規劃 10
3.3 嵌入式微控制系統周邊模組的電路設計 13
3.4 環境感測器的電路設計 14
3.4.1 DHT-11 溫濕度感測器 14
3.4.2 二氧化碳感測器 15
3.4.3 土壤溫度感測器 15
3.4.4 土壤濕度感測器 16
3.4.5 亮度感測器 17
3.5 周邊硬體裝置的控制應用 18
3.5.1 PWM控制 19
3.5.2 風扇的控制 20
3.5.3 加熱系統 21
3.5.4 灑水系統的控制 22
3.5.5 LED燈的控制 22
3.6 電路整合 23
第四章 系統整合與測試 26
4.1 嵌入式微控制器的韌體規劃 26
4.2 私人雲端伺服器的建置 27
4.2.1 樹莓派單板微電腦的簡介 27
4.2.2 Apache 伺服器的架設 28
4.2.3 MySQL Server 資料庫的架設 29
4.2.4 phpMyAdmin 管理介面的安裝 30
4.2.5 Node-RED 操作及設定 31
4.2.4 MQTT Server及協定 32
4.3 私人雲端伺服器的傳輸 34
4.4 系統測試 36
第五章 結論與未來展望 38
5.1 結論 38
5.2 未來展望 38
參考文獻 39

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