臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中藥地骨皮為紅果枸杞之根皮，惟中藥店亦有販賣黑果枸杞根部取代前者。迄今黑果枸杞根部尚未有相關研究報導，故本實驗將對黑果枸杞根部進行化學成分分離純化、結構解析及生物活性研究，以探討同為枸杞屬植物的黑果枸杞根部與紅果枸杞根皮之化學成分組成與活性差異。本研究從黑果枸杞根部之甲醇萃取物經分配萃取得到三個分層包含乙酸乙酯層(LRCEA)、正丁醇層(LRCB)及水層(LRCW)。針對LRCEA和LRCB兩層進行分離純化，共得十七個已知化合物，名為tetracosyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (LRC-1)、beta-sitosterol (LRC-2)、vanillic acid (LRC-3)、echinatun (LRC-4)、licochalcone A (LRC-5)、scopoletin (LRC-6)、licoflavone A (LRC-7)、N-trans-feruloyltyramine (LRC-8)、(-)-trans-N-feruloyloctopamine (LRC-9)、trans-caffeoyltyramine (LRC-10)、licochalcone B (LRC-11)、4-hydroxybenzoic acid (LRC-12)、N-trans-feruloylputrescine (LRC-13)、1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2, 3-tri-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (LRC-14)、3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (LRC-15)、7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (LRC-16)與(6R,7S,8S)-7a-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]lyonires-inol (LRC-17)，上述化合物結構為利用核磁共振、質譜及旋光儀等技術鑑定之。黑果枸杞根部(LRM)及紅果枸杞根皮(LCM)甲醇萃取物之HPLC指紋圖譜成分分析結果顯示LRM與LCM具相似之化學成分組成；在生物活性試驗中紅果枸杞根皮所含之生物鹼成分具有抗天皰瘡之潛力，且黑果枸杞根部亦具有類似骨架的生物鹼，推測黑果枸杞根部與紅果枸杞根皮可能具有相似的。本研究成果能提供未來開發黑果枸杞根部藥材之相關參考資料，以期更多化學與生物活性數據來更準確釐清黑果枸杞根部與紅果枸杞根皮的功效相似性及互相取代使用的可能性。

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Lycii Radicis Cortex (Digupi) is the root bark of Lycium chinense (LC) recorded in Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopeia. However, the root of L. ruthenicum (LR) instead of LC could be purchased from a TCM pharmacy. There is no research on the chemical composition and bioactivity of LR until now. In order to investigate the differences between LR and LC, the primary objective of this study is to conduct chemical purification, structural elucidation, and bioactivities of LR. In this experiment, the methanolic extract of LR was partitioned into three fractions, including ethyl acetate- (LRCEA), n-butanol- (LRCB), and water- (LRCW) soluble fractions. Seventeen known compounds named as tetracosyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate (LRC-1), beta-sitosterol (LRC-2), vanillic acid (LRC-3), echinatun (LRC-4), licochalcone A (LRC-5), scopoletin (LRC-6), licochalcone A (LRC-7), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (LRC-8), (-)-trans-N-feruloyloctopamine (LRC-9), trans-caffeoyltyramine (LRC-10), licochalcone B (LRC-11), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (LRC-12), N-trans-feruloylputrescine (LRC-13), 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2,3-tri-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1,3-propandiol (LRC-14), 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (LRC-15), 7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (LRC-16), and (6R,7S,8S)-7a-[(β-D-glucopyran-osyl) oxy]lyoniresinol (LRC-17) were isolated from LRCEA and LRCB. The structures of LRC-1-17 were identified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and optical rotation. The HPLC chemical fingerprints of the methanol extracts prepared from L. ruthenicum root (LRM) and L. chinense root bark (LCM). revealed that both materials possess the same chemical compositions with each other. In bioactivity tests, alkaloids of LC exhibited potential anti-pemphigus effects and LR had the similar alkaloid skeleton compounds to LC that led to LR could have the bioefficacy like LC. Whole study will help the development of the new Chinese medicine or new natural ingredients of LR. However, more chemical and biological data should be investigated to clarify if LR could be used instead of LC.

中文摘要 III
Abstract V
目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
第一節、研究動機與目的 1
第二節、植物介紹與文獻回顧 2
第二章 材料與方法 50
第一節、實驗室使用之儀器與藥品 50
第二節、藥材來源 52
第三節、藥材萃取製備與化合物分離純化 55
第四節、生物活性試驗方法 69
第三章 化合物結構解析 71
第一節、Tetracosyl (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-propenoate 71
第二節、Beta-sitosterol 79
第三節、Vanillic acid 83
第四節、Echinatin 86
第五節、Licochalcone A 94
第六節、Scopoletin 102
第七節、Licoflavone A 110
第八節、N-trans-Feruloyltyramine 117
第九節、(-)-trans-N-Feruloyloctopamine 125
第十節、trans-Caffeoyltyramine 133
第十一節、Licochalcone B 140
第十二節、4-Hydroxybenzoic acid 148
第十三節、N-trans-Feruloylputrescine 154
第十四節、1-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxy)-phenyl-2-[4-(1,2, 3-tri-hydroxypropyl)-2-methoxy]-phenoxy-1, 3-propandiol 162
第十五節、3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl 6-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside 169
第十六節、7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6) -β-D-glucopyranoside 176
第十七節、(6R,7S,8S)-7a-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]lyoniresinol 183
第四章 結果與討論 191
第五章 結論 197
第六章 參考文獻 199
表一、黑果枸杞果實中黃酮類成份 2
表二、黑果枸杞果實中花青素成分 5
表三、黑果枸杞果實中酚酸類成份 9
表四、黑果枸杞果實中生物鹼類成分 12
表五、黑果枸杞果實中脂肪酸類化合物 16
表六、紅果枸杞根皮中有機酸及其酯類成分結構 21
表七、紅果枸杞根皮中生物鹼類型結構 27
表八、紅果枸杞根皮中黃酮和其他類成分結構 31
表九、紅果枸杞根皮中苯丙素和香豆素類成分結構 34
表十、紅果枸杞根皮中甾體和三萜類成分結構 37
表十一、紅果枸杞根皮中環肽類成分結構 39
表十二、紅果枸杞根皮中苷類成分結構 41
表十三、紅果枸杞根皮中蒽醌類成分結構 45
表十四、本研究分離純化所得之化合物總表 65
表十五、LRC-1之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 73
表十六、LRC-1與文獻1D NMR數據整理 74
表十七、LRC-2與文獻1D NMR數據整理 80
表十八、LRC-3與文獻1D NMR數據整理 84
表十九、LRC-4之 1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 88
表二十、LRC-4與文獻1D NMR數據整理 89
表二一、LRC-5之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 96
表二二、LRC-5與文獻1D NMR數據整理 97
表二三、LRC-6之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 104
表二四、LRC-6與文獻1D NMR數據整理 105
表二五、LRC-7之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 112
表二六、LRC-7與文獻1D NMR數據整理 113
表二七、LRC-8之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 119
表二八、LRC-8與文獻1D NMR數據整理 120
表二九、LRC-9之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 127
表三十、LRC-9與文獻1D NMR數據整理 128
表三一、LRC-10之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 135
表三二、LRC-10與文獻1D NMR數據整理 136
表三三、LRC-11之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 142
表三四、LRC-11與文獻1D NMR數據整理 143
表三五、LRC-12之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 149
表三六、LRC-12與文獻1D NMR數據整理 150
表三七、LRC-13之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 156
表三八、LRC-13與文獻1D NMR數據整理 157
表三九、LRC-14之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 164
表四十、LRC-14與文獻1D NMR數據整理 165
表四一、LRC-15之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 171
表四二、LRC-15與文獻1D NMR數據整理 172
表四三、LRC-16之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 178
表四四、LRC-16與文獻1D NMR數據整理 179
表四五、LRC-17之1H、13C與2D NMR數據整理 185
表四六、LRC-17與文獻1D NMR數據整理 186
圖一、(A)黑果枸杞根部藥材攝影、(B)紅果枸杞根皮藥材攝影 52
圖二 (A)、黑果枸杞樣品於工業技術研究院DNA基原鑑定結果 53
圖二 (B)、紅果枸杞樣品於工業技術研究院DNA基原鑑定結果 54
圖三 (A)、黑果枸杞根部乙酸乙酯層( LRCEA)成分分離純化流程圖 56
圖三 (B)、黑果枸杞根部乙酸乙酯層( LRCEA)成分分離純化流程圖 57
圖四、黑果枸杞根部正丁醇層( LRCB)成分分離純化流程圖 58
圖五、LRC-1 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 72
圖六、LRC-1 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 75
圖七、LRC-1 13C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 75
圖八、LRC-1 HSQC(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 76
圖九、LRC-1 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 76
圖十、LRC-1 HMBC(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 77
圖十一、LRC-1 NOESY(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 77
圖十二、LRC-1 EI-MS圖譜 78
圖十三、LRC-2 1H NMR(400 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 82
圖十四、LRC-2 13C NMR(100 MHz, CDCl3)圖譜 82
圖十五、LRC-3 1H NMR(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 85
圖十六、LRC-3 13C NMR(100 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 85
圖十七、LRC-4 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 87
圖十八、LRC-4 1H NMR(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 90
圖十九、LRC-4 13C NMR(100 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 90
圖二十、LRC-4 HSQC(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 91
圖二一、LRC-4 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 91
圖二二、LRC-4 HMBC(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 92
圖二三、LRC-4 NOESY(400 MHz, Pyridine-d5)圖譜 92
圖二四、LRC-4 ESI-MS 圖譜 93
圖二五、LRC-5 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 95
圖二六、LRC-5 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 98
圖二七、LRC-5 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 98
圖二八、LRC-5 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 99
圖二九、LRC-5 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 99
圖三十、LRC-5 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 100
圖三一、LRC-5 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 100
圖三二、LRC-5 ESI-MS 圖譜 101
圖三三、LRC-6 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 103
圖三四、LRC-6 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 106
圖三五、LRC-6 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 106
圖三六、LRC-6 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 107
圖三七、LRC-6 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 107
圖三八、LRC-6 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 108
圖三九、LRC-6 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 108
圖四十、LRC-6 ESI-MS 圖譜 109
圖四一、LRC-7 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 111
圖四二、LRC-7 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 114
圖四三、LRC-7 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 114
圖四四、LRC-7 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 115
圖四五、LRC-7 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 115
圖四六、LRC-7 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 116
圖四七、LRC-7 ESI-MS圖譜 116
圖四八、LRC-8 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 118
圖四九、LRC-8 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 121
圖五十、LRC-8 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 121
圖五一、LRC-8 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 122
圖五二、LRC-8 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 122
圖五三、LRC-8 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 123
圖五四、LRC-8 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 123
圖五五、LRC-8 ESI-MS圖譜 124
圖五六、LRC-9 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 126
圖五七、LRC-9 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 129
圖五八、LRC-9 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 129
圖五九、LRC-9 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 130
圖六十、LRC-9 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 130
圖六一、LRC-9 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 131
圖六二、LRC-9 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 131
圖六三、LRC-9 ESI-MS 圖譜 132
圖六四、LRC-10 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 134
圖六五、LRC-10 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 137
圖六六、LRC-10 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 137
圖六七、LRC-10 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 138
圖六八、LRC-10 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 138
圖六九、LRC-10 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 139
圖七十、LRC-10 ESI-MS圖譜 139
圖七一、LRC-11 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 141
圖七二、LRC-11 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 144
圖七三、LRC-11 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 144
圖七四、LRC-11 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 145
圖七五、LRC-11 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 145
圖七六、LRC-11 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 146
圖七七、LRC-11 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 146
圖七八、LRC-11 ESI-MS圖譜 147
圖七九、LRC-12 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 148
圖八十、LRC-12 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 151
圖八一、LRC-12 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 151
圖八二、LRC-12 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 152
圖八三、LRC-12 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 152
圖八四、LRC-12 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 153
圖八五、LRC-13 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 155
圖八六、LRC-13 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 158
圖八七、LRC-13 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 158
圖八八、LRC-13 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 159
圖八九、LRC-13 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 159
圖九十、LRC-13 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 160
圖九一、LRC-13 NOESY(400 MHz, CDCL3)圖譜 160
圖九二、LRC-13 ESI-MS圖譜 161
圖九三、LRC-14 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 163
圖九四、LRC-14 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 166
圖九五、LRC-14 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 166
圖九六、LRC-14 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 167
圖九七、LRC-14 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 167
圖九八、LRC-14 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 168
圖九九、LRC-14 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 168
圖一百、LRC-15 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 170
圖一零一、LRC-15 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 173
圖一零二、LRC-15 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 173
圖一零三、LRC-15 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 174
圖一零四、LRC-15 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 174
圖一零五、LRC-15 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 175
圖一零六、LRC-15 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 175
圖一零七、LRC-16 1H-1H COSY和HMBC NMR 相關性 177
圖一零八、LRC-16 1H NMR(400 MHz, D2O)圖譜 180
圖一零九、LRC-16 13C NMR(100 MHz, D2O/ CD3OD)圖譜 180
圖一一零、LRC-16 HSQC(400 MHz, D2O/ CD3OD)圖譜 181
圖一一一、LRC-16 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, D2O/ CD3OD)圖譜 181
圖一一二、LRC-16 HMBC(400 MHz, D2O/ CD3OD)圖譜 182
圖一一三、LRC-16 NOESY(400 MHz, D2O/ CD3OD)圖譜 182
圖一一四、LRC-17 HMBC NMR 相關性 184
圖一一五、LRC-17 1H NMR(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 188
圖一一六、LRC-17 13C NMR(100 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 188
圖一一七、LRC-17 HSQC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 189
圖一一八、LRC-17 1H-1H COSY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 189
圖一一九、LRC-17 HMBC(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 190
圖一二零、LRC-17 NOESY(400 MHz, CD3OD)圖譜 190
圖一二一、LRM與LCM之HPLC指紋圖譜 191
圖一二二、HPLC之標定化合物結構 191
圖一二三 (A)、LRM之HPLC圖譜 192
圖一二三 (B)、LCM之HPLC圖譜 192
圖一二四、紅果枸杞根皮生物活性實驗中所用化合物結構 194
圖一二五、紅果枸杞根皮中化合物對HaCaT細胞存活率影響 195
圖一二六 (A、B)、細胞中DSG1及DSG3 mRNA給藥前後表達差異 195

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