臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

氣候變遷所導致的極端降雨，已為各國所重視之重要議題，人們生活的土地受到無法迴避的破壞與侵擾，國際間不斷的討論各種調適與減緩的方法，且設法讓各領域與區域能夠相互合作，試圖降低災害所帶來的損害，台灣因地理位置與地勢的關係，具備著充沛的雨量，當極端暴雨事件發生時，常造成區域積、淹水的現象，因此本研究探討在極端暴雨發生時，都市土地容納暴雨的能力以及區域是否具備足夠抵抗暴雨的韌性，以有效舒緩瞬間暴雨。
本研究範圍為台中地區。本研究分為兩階段，第一階段為整合各測站的雨量數據與位置，計算降雨延時之最大降雨量，進行頻率分析與使用最小二乘法產生重現期資訊，推導雨型公式並計算重現期延時最大降雨量;第二階段運用地理資訊系統，藉由影像辨識分析都市綠帶、藍帶、建築及道路面積，觀察透水與不透水鋪面的範圍，計算各區域可容納之最大暴雨量。最後將兩階段的結果加以整合，推估人為活動較為頻繁的區域範圍，瞬間暴雨產生積、淹水的潛勢區域。本研究將與氣象局所訂定的雨量分級、經濟部水利署所發布淹水潛勢圖以及過去災害事件所發生的區域做疊圖比較，以了解都市在有、無排水設備的狀況下，積、淹水潛勢區域的差異性;都市土地透過綠帶減緩積、淹水的可能性;評估都市開發對於韌性水城市建構的影響性，提供未來在極端氣候下，規劃更具安全且具韌性的水城市。
本研究觀察數據分析結果以及政府相關資料得知降雨負荷能力較差的區域，多位於沿海地區、低海拔河川匯流區域以及舊市中心。沿海地區自然滲透較差的區域雖然較少，但因臨海且地勢較低，因此當暴雨來時，會因為高處的水匯流至低窪沿海地區導致災害的生成，造成農作、漁業的損失。河川匯流區域因高海拔大量的雨水藉由河川往低處流，導致河川超出負荷溢堤，危害居民的安全。

Extreme rainfall caused by climate change has become an important issue for all countries, and the land where people live has been unavoidably damaged and disturbed. Internationally, various adaptation and mitigation methods are constantly being discussed, and various fields and regions try to cooperate with each other in an attempt to minimize the damages caused by disasters. Due to its geographic location and topography, Taiwan has abundant rainfall. When extreme rainstorms occur, it often causes regional waterlogging and flooding. Therefore, taking Taichung area as the study area, this study aims to explore the capacity of urban land to accommodate heavy rainfall and whether the resilience of the area enough to withstand heavy rainfall during extreme rainstorms, so as to effectively mitigate the instantaneous rainfall.
This study is divided into two stages. In Stage 1, the rainfall data and location of each station were integrated to calculate the maximum rainfall of the rainfall duration, perform frequency analysis and the least square method was used to get the return period information, and the rainfall pattern formulas were derived to calculate the maximum rainfall during the return period. In Stage 2, a geographic information system was used to analyze the area of urban green belt, blue belt, buildings and roads by image recognition, and to calculate the maximum rainfall bearing capacity of each area by observing the extent of permeable and impermeable surfaces. Finally, the results of the two stages were integrated to estimate the extent of areas with more frequent human activities and the potential areas of waterlogging and flooding caused by instantaneous rainstorms. This study compared with the rainfall classification established by the Meteorological Bureau, the flooding potential maps published by the Department of Water Resources of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, and the areas where disasters occurred in the past, in order to understand the differences in the potential areas of waterlogging and flooding in urban areas with and without drainage facilities, to evaluate the possibilities of mitigating the waterlogging and flooding in urban land through the green belts, and to assess the impacts of urban development on the establishment of a resilient water city. This study provides a basis for planning a safer and more resilient water city under extreme weather conditions in the future.
According to the results and governmental data, the areas with poor rainfall bearing capacity are mostly located in coastal areas, river confluence areas of low elevation, and old city centers. Although there are fewer areas with poor natural percolation in the coastal areas, they are located near the sea and have a low topography. Hence, when heavy rainfall occurs, the water from the highlands flows into the low-lying coastal areas and causes disasters, resulting in the loss of agriculture and fisheries. In the river confluence areas, a large amount of rainwater from high altitude flows through the river to the lower part, causing the river to overflow its banks and jeopardizing the safety of the residents.

目錄
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機 2
第三節 研究目的 3
第四節 研究範圍 4
第五節 研究流程 5
第二章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 氣候變遷 6
第二節 韌性城市的定義 11
第三節 國際上韌性水城市之策略 14
第四節 台灣現行韌性水城市之策略 18
第三章 研究方法 22
第一節 資料蒐集 23
第二節 雨型公式的推導 25
第三節 反距離加權法 34
第四節 影像辨識 37
第五節 降雨負荷評估公式 42
第四章 都市降雨分析 44
第一節 雨量觀測站篩選 45
第二節 降雨分析分布型態 47
第三節 各測站回歸期雨量 49
第四節 都市降雨情境模擬 51
第五章 都市土地利用型態分析 57
第一節 影像辨識 58
第二節 疊圖分析 59
第三節 影像辨識數值整合 74
第四節 都市土地降雨致災潛勢區 76
第六章 研究結果 79
第一節 高風險區數據整合 79
第二節 各區域可負荷雨量 80
第三節 實證研究 83
第七章 結論與建議 93

參考文獻 97
附錄一 雨型公式推導過程 104

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