臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

火燒為生態系中重要之擾動，近年則因人為活動、氣候變遷等因素，致使火燒頻度、強度提升，加劇火燒對於生態系之影響。2021年春季臺灣降雨量低，異常乾旱導致國立中興大學實驗林管理處惠蓀林場第三林班於2021年5月發生火燒，火燒區域為杜鵑嶺至關刀山林道沿線，火燒面積約21.71ha。本研究於次生林及杉木人工林架設樣區，檢視不同林型火後地被組成與更新。未火燒區域地被植群為玉山紫金牛—五節芒型及白背木薑子—芒萁型，火燒區域地被植群則為天臺烏藥—昭和草型、瓦氏鳳尾蕨—蘇鐵蕨型及貓腥草型，火燒、未火燒地被植群物種組成可以明顯區分，然而杉木人工林、次生林火燒區域火後初期物種組成相似。此外，為探討次生林火後更新潛力，本研究於杜鵑嶺火燒區域、松風山未火燒區域設置樣區，進行地上部植群、土壤種子庫及種子雨調查。杜鵑嶺火後植群主要以倖存植株萌糵、土壤種子庫、種子雨輸入更新。火後植群與松風山未火燒區域地上部物種組成差異大，然而其種子雨、土壤種子庫物種組成相似，顯示其在擾動後之演替過程中，可能具有相似物種組成。鄰近森林之種子輸入，可以加速火燒區域演替進程，火燒區域透過土壤種子庫與種子雨輸入快速更新。短期內如未受擾動，火燒區域將由先驅樹種構成火後初期之森林冠層。由於鄰近未火燒區域種子輸入，且火燒區域內倖存植株之種子掉落，火燒區域植群組成可能逐漸近似松風山次生林。本研究結果顯示火燒劇烈改變當地物種組成，而火後植群具備多種更新方式應對火燒擾動，顯示其具有自我更新之潛力，本研究成果可供管理單位森林生態系經營管理之參考。

Wildfire is an important disturbance in the ecosystem. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, wildfire has occurred more frequently and intensely recent years, which may intensify the impact of wildfire on ecosystem. The precipitation in Taiwan was extremely low in spring, 2021. Drought has led to wildfire in the third forest class of Huisun Forest Station in May. The burned area was estimated at about 21.71ha, located at Chinese fir plantations along the Guandaoshan Forest Road, and also the secondary forest of Dujuanling. This study has set up plots to investigate post fire vegetation recovery in different forest type. Wildfire has altered the species composition dramatically. The ground cover vegetation at unburnred site could be divided into Ardisia cornudentata ssp. morrisonensis-Miscanthus floridulus type and Litsea rotundifolia var. oblongifolia-Dicranopteris linearis type. The ground cover at post-fire area could be divided into Lindera aggregate-Crassocephalum crepidioides type, Pteris wallichiana-Brainea insignis type and Praxelis clematidea type. The canopy layer was dominated by saplings of pioneer species.The ground layer at post-fire area was mainly pioneer species, and also Compositae and ferns germinated after fire. In order to investigate the regeneration potential of post-fire vegetation at secondary forest. This study settled up sample plots at Dujuanling, and also in the adjacent undisturbed forest of Sonfengshan. Species in the post fire area mainly regenerated by sprouting of surviving individuals, the input of soil seed bank and seed rain. The aboveground vegetation species composition of post-fire area were quite different than that in the undisturbed area. However, the species composition of soil seed bank and seed rain were with great similarity, which indicated the similar trends of potential vegetation during the succession process. The input of seeds from adjacent forest could accelerate the succession stages of post-fire area. If there were no disturbance in the near future, pioneers would dominate the canopy layer of post-fire area. Due to the input of seeds from adjacent forest and the surviving individuals, the aboveground vegetation would gradually resemble the secondary forest of Sonfengshan. This study has concluded that wildfire drastically altered the species composition of post-fire vegetation. The local vegetation adopted several regeneration stragies after wildfire, which could implied that the self-recovery potential of post-fire vegetation. The result can be used as a reference of forest ecosystem management.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iv
表目次 vi
圖目次 vii
附錄目次 viii
第一章、緒論 1
壹、森林火燒現況 1
貳、植物對火燒之耐受性 2
参、植群更新策略與種子傳播類型 3
肆、探討議題 5
伍、引用文獻 7
第二章、次生林、杉木人工林火後地被組成與更新 12
壹、前言 12
貳、材料與方法 14
一、研究區域概況 14
二、樣區設置與地上部植群調查 15
三、環境因子測定 16
四、資料分析 16
參、結果 18
一、植物組成特性 18
二、植群劃分 19
三、排序分析 20
肆、討論 23
一、火後地被植群組成 23
二、木本植物更新 24
三、植群與環境因子關係 25
伍、結論 27
陸、參考文獻 28
第三章、惠蓀林場次生林火後種子雨、土壤種子庫與地上部植群組成關係 49
壹、前言 49
貮、材料與方法 51
一、研究區域概況 51
二、樣區設置與植群更新方法調查 51
三、環境因子測定 54
四、資料分析 54
參、結果 58
一、地上部植物組成比較 58
二、土壤種子庫組成比較 61
三、種子雨組成比較 62
四、排序分析 64
五、火燒與未火燒區域物種多樣性比較 73
肆、討論 77
一、地上部植群組成比較 77
二、土壤種子庫組成比較 78
三、種子雨組成比較 79
四、種子雨、土壤種子庫與地上部植群相似性 80
伍、結論 83
陸、參考文獻 84
第四章、結論 111

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