臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討影響木虌果種子發芽與扦插繁殖之相關因子，藉以提高木虌果之繁殖率。木虌果種子經過乾燥處理將種子含水量降至12%、9%、6%，吸水後種子含水量可恢復至種子乾燥前之含水量，12%、9%及6%種子對木虌果種子發芽率無顯著影響，但含水量6%種子的發芽率有下降趨勢。未經種皮處理(CK)之木虌果種子之發芽率約為28%，去除種皮處理(RC)可提升發芽率近2倍，達55.6%。木虌果種子以4℃儲藏5個月仍能維持與未經儲藏對照組(新鮮與乾燥)種子相當之發芽率，但25℃儲藏5個月處理組的發芽率相較於對照組則顯著降低；去除種臍能提升對照組(乾燥種子)、經4℃及25℃儲藏種子的發芽率10-20%。播種前將種子浸泡KNO3 24小時後對木虌果種子發芽率無顯著提升效果，反之去除種子種皮後浸泡GA3及kinetin之處理組有最佳之出土率71.1-82.2%與發芽率86.7%。濕冷層積4週處理能顯著提升木虌果種子發芽率達64.4%，不同濕冷層積處理時間(2、4及6週)亦皆能顯著提升木虌果種子發芽率，但以六週處理最高。種子分析結果顯示經濕冷層積處理之種子呼吸率較對照組有顯著提升，且種子胚與種皮內總酚類化合物皆顯著降低。探討木虌果半木質化與非木質化之插穗對扦插繁殖之影響，結果顯示半木質化與非木質化插穗之存活率、發根率無顯著差異，但半木質化插穗之根鮮重、乾重分別較非木質化插穗增加80%與60%，總根數增加4倍；插穗營養元素濃度分析結果顯示，氮、鈣、硼之濃度均以半木質化插穗顯著高於非木質化插穗。另一方面，使用不同採樣區間(成熟度)插穗的存活率及發根率並無顯著差異，但在發根能力方面，則以第四區間之插穗於根鮮重、乾重、總根數均顯著優於第一區間之插穗，扦插前之插穗重量及插穗莖徑隨著採樣枝條之區間(即成熟度)增加而遞增，不同區間有顯著差異；插穗化學成分分析顯示第四區間插穗之全可溶性糖及澱粉濃度均顯著高於第一區間插穗，可溶性蛋白及游離胺基酸等發根輔助物質則以第一區間插穗顯著優於其餘區間，各個區間之總酚類化合物含量並無顯著差異；營養元素分析結果顯示第一區間之氮、磷及鉀濃度顯著高於其餘區間，但鈣濃度隨著採樣區間增加而遞增。綜上所述，木虌果種子可透過濕冷層積處理來促進種子之發芽，扦插繁殖材料則建議採用成熟度較高之插穗可得較佳之繁殖效果，並可利用莖徑、穗重或插穗之木質化程度作為判斷適用插穗之依據。

This study investigated the seed treatments to improve seed germination and the factors affecting cutting propagation in gac (Momordica cochinchinensis). Seed moisture content was dried to 12%, 9% and 6%, the moisture content of these dried seeds may restore to the original value before drying. Seed moisture content of 12%, 9% or 6% exerted no significant effect on seed germination, however, a decreasing trend of seed germination was observed at seeds with 6% moisture content. The final germination rate of seeds without seed coat removal (CK) was about 28%, treatment with seed coat removal (RC) had nearly two times of the final germination rate relative to that of the CK. Germination rate of seeds stored at 4oC for 5 months (4oC) was maintained at the similar level compared to that of the control seeds [either dried (CK-D) or fresh (CK-F) seeds] without storage treatment. The final germination rate of seeds stored at 25oC for 5 months (25 oC) was significantly decreased compared to the control seeds (CK-D or CK-F). Treatment with hilum removal (Cliping) may increase the final germination rate of seeds in CK-D, 4oC and 25oC treatment groups by 10-20%. Treatment with KNO3 had no significant effect on seed germination. In contrast, soaking seeds with GA3 and kinetin after seed coat removal had the best seed emergence rate with a value of 71.1~82.2% and final germination rate with a value of 86.7%. Cold stratification for 4 weeks may significantly increase the final germination rate to a value of 62.2%, different cold stratification treatment times (2, 4, or 6 weeks) may all enhance seed germination rate. Results from seed analysis indicated that the respiration rate was significantly increased but total phenolic content in seed embryo and seed coat was significantly decreased in cold stratification-treated groups compared to that of the control group. The efficiency of cutting propagation was compared between semi-hardwood and softwood cuttings, our results showed that there is no significant difference in survival rate and rooting rate between semi-hardwood and softwood cuttings, however, root fresh weight and root dry weight were increased by 80% and 60%, respectively, total root number was increased 4 times in semi-hardwood cutting as compared to softwood cutting. Results from nutrient element analysis of cuttings revealed that concentrations of nitrogen, calcium and boron which are important for cutting propagation are all higher in semi-hardwood cutting relative to softwood cutting. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in survival rate and rooting rate among cuttings derived from different sections of a branch, however, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and total root number observed in the cutting derived from the 4th section were significantly higher than those from the 1st section. Cutting weight and diameter before cultivation were increased as the section number (representing degree of maturity) of the cutting increased and there was significant difference among cuttings derived from various sections. Analysis of chemical components in the cutting indicated that total soluble sugar and starch concentrations in the cutting derived from the 4th section were significantly higher than those from the 1st section, furthermore, total protein and free amino acid contents which are beneficial for root formation were the highest in the cutting derived from the 1st section. There was no significant difference in total phenolic contents among cuttings derived from various sections. Results from nutrient element analysis displayed that nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium concentrations were the highest in the cutting derived from the 1st section, however, calcium concentration were increased as the section number increased. Taken together, seed germination of gac may be improved by cold stratification, higher efficiency of cutting propagation in gac may be achieved by using cuttings with higher degree of maturity, moreover, diameter, weight, and degree of lignification of the cutting may be served as the indicators for collection of suitable cutting materials.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
目次 iv
表目次 v
圖目次 vi
壹、 前言 1
貳、 前人研究 2
一、作物概述 2
二、種子休眠 2
1.種殼休眠 3
2.胚休眠 4
三、作物扦插繁殖 5
1.內生因子 5
2.外在因子 6
3.扦插前處理 6
參、材料方法 8
試驗一：乾燥處理、種皮處理及儲藏溫度對木虌果種子發芽之影響 8
試驗二：播種前處理對木虌果種子發芽之影響 9
試驗三: 半木質化插穗與未木質化插穗對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 10
試驗四: 插穗採樣部位對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 14
肆、結果 16
試驗一：乾燥處理、種皮處理及儲藏溫度對木虌果種子發芽之影響 16
試驗二：播種前處理對木虌果種子發芽之影響 16
試驗三: 半木質化插穗與未木質化插穗對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 18
試驗四: 插穗採樣部位對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 19
伍、討論 46
試驗一：乾燥處理、種皮處理及儲藏溫度對木虌果種子發芽之影響 46
試驗二：播種前處理對木虌果種子發芽之影響 47
試驗三: 半木質化插穗與未木質化插穗對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 49
試驗四: 插穗採樣部位對木虌果扦插繁殖之影響 49
陸、結論 51
柒、參考文獻 52

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