臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來群眾募資平台逐漸在世界舞台露面，掀起一波波熱潮，讓在世界各國的
人民，有機會幫助新創公司成長或成立所需要的資金，同時可以買到最新開發、有
創意的商品，創造一種雙贏的局面。這些平台創立的初衷，是為了滿足有點子，但
無資金的新創公司，透過非傳統的募資方式，向大眾取得所須要的資金，許多公司
因而得以創立或成長。2021 年全球群眾募資的金額達 10 億 9 千萬美元，2022 年預
估成長 4.7%，約 11 億 4 千萬美元。由於募資公司多是新創公司，在營運、開發上
不穩定，容易收到募資資金後將資金用罄、破產倒閉等無法履行與贊助人之承諾，
以失敗收場，導致贊助人權益受損時並無相對之請求對像或請求對像無力賠償。
本文將以平台數量最多之回饋式（Reward model）群眾募資平台作為研究對象，
站在贊助人之立場尋求有意義之救濟方式。首先確認在現行的體制下贊助人權益受
損時有何救濟的方式及其不足之處。其次，比較性質相似之電子商務平台公部門管
制規定是否得以適用之回饋式群眾募資平台。接著，討論回饋式群眾募資平台自我
管制誘因及方式及是否得以放任其自我管制而無須公部門介入。最後，綜合比較以
上之管制方式提出建議： 回饋式群眾募資平台應在其介入交易程度高時賦予其有限
制之一般保證人之中介責任。

In recent years, crowdfunding platforms have been making its way to the international
stage. People from all over the world had the opportunity to help and fund startups, in
exchange receiving the latest developed products, creating a win-win situation. The
intention of these platforms was to help those who has great ideas but lack the fund to bring
them to life. Through a non-traditional way, startups can receive funds from the crowd. In
2021, the amount that crowdfunding raised in the world reached one billion and ninety
million US dollars, it is estimated to grow 4.7% in 2022. Since most company who seek
crowdfunding are startups, they lack stability on company operation and product
development, resulting in after spending all the funds they received through crowdfunding,
they were not able to fulfill the promises they made to backers. Backer’s interests are at
stake without reasonable channels to seek remedy.
This research will focus on the most common reward model crowdfunding platforms,
looking to provide a meaningful way of remedy for backers. First, to look into what are the
current regulation methods of remedy a backer can use while his/her interests are at stake.
Second, to compare regulations with e-commerce platforms, due to the similarity, and
discuss whether it is suitable for reward model crowdfunding platforms to adopt similar
measures. Third, further discuss whether self-regulation is adequate in this context. Finally,
this research provides suggestions that reward model crowdfunding platforms should be
bestowed with a limited guarantor intermediary responsibility.

第一章、緒論 1
第一節、研究背景及動機 1
第二節、研究目的與問題 4
第三節、研究範圍與限制 9
第四節、研究方法 10
第一項、文獻分析法 10
第二項、案例分析法 10
第三項、比較分析法 10
第五節、研究流程與架構 12
第二章、現行群眾募資平台簡介與現況 14
第一節、群眾募資平台概要與簡介 14
第二節、群眾募資類型 20
第一項、捐贈模式 （Donation Model） 20
第二項、回饋模式 （Reward Model） 21
第三項、借貸模式 （Lending Model） 22
第四項、股權模式 （Equity Model） 23
第三節、國內外主要回饋式群眾募資平台 25
第一項、國外主要回饋式群眾募資平台 25
第二項、國內主要回饋式群眾募資平台 30
第四節、回饋式群眾募資特性 32
第五節、小結 36
第三章、回饋式群眾募資爭議及現行救濟方式 39
第一節、 回饋式群眾募資爭議 41
第一項、回饋式群眾募資爭議實例 41
第二項、回饋式群眾募資爭議類型 45
第二節、 現行回饋式群眾募資平台權利受損救濟管道 49
第一項、申訴與調解 49
第二項、民事訴訟 50
第三項、刑事訴訟 53
第三節、小節 56
第四章、回饋式群眾募資平台之中介責任 58
第一節、回饋式群眾募資平台與電子商務平台比較 60
第一項、電子商務平台特性 60
第二項、 回饋式群眾募資平台特性 62
第三項、 回饋式群眾募資平台與電子商務平台差異及適用規範 63
第二節、電子商務平台之中介責任 66
第一項、 我國電子商務平台規範 66
第二項、 美國電子商務平台規範 69
第三項、 歐盟電子商務平台規範 73
第四項、 電子商務平台責任 81
第三節、平台私部門自我管制 84
第一項、私部門自我管制誘因 85
第二項、平台私部門自我管制方式 87
第三項、私部門自我管制限制 89
第四節、回饋式群眾募資平台之中介責任 92
第一項、 回饋式群眾募資平台私部門自我管制 94
第二項、 回饋式群眾募資平台公部門管制 99
第三項、回饋式群眾募資平台中介責任應實施之管制 101
第四項、回饋式群眾募資平台中介責任實例 103
第五節、小結 112
第五章、結論、研究發現與建議 117
參考文獻 130

一、中文文獻
1. 文章
蔡昌憲（2016），〈我國股權式性質群眾募資之管制發展：從創櫃板到民間募資平台〉，《臺大法學論叢》，45卷1期。
姚書容（2015），《論群眾募資之募資模式與法制》，東吳大學法學院碩士論文。
岳蘇萌、郭曉嫻（2014），〈美國P2P監管法律問題研究〉，《互聯網金融與法律》，2期。
朱文儀、林亭佑（2016），〈群眾募資專案成效之影響因素— 台灣 flyingV 群眾募資平台之實證研究〉，《台灣管理學刊》，16卷2期。
徐振雄（2008），〈電子商務政策與法律理論初探〉，《通識研究集刊》，14期。
王澤鑑（2016），〈債務不履行法的變遷──違約責任與損害賠償（上）〉，《法令月刊》，67卷。
黃松茂（2017），〈債務不履行損害賠償之體系—給付不能概念之重生與再造〉，《政大法學評論》，151期。
陳自強（2020），〈債務不履行規定之現代化〉，《月旦法學教室》，216期。
尚佩瑩（2020），〈債務不履行與刑事詐欺 ──最高法院109年度台上字 第5289號刑事判決解析〉，《月旦會計實務研究》，38期。
楊智傑（2020），〈網路平台業者之責任與消費者保護之落實〉，《台灣法學雜誌》，387期。
王志誠（2015），〈股權群眾募資之管制及法律責任──兼評最高法院一○四年度台上字第二七四四號刑事判決及臺灣高等法院一○一年度金上重更（一）字第十九號刑事判決〉，《裁判時報》，42卷。
顏雅倫（2017），〈制創新與創新實驗機制在臺灣的未來與挑戰〉，《月旦法學雜誌》，270期。
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【Haxson Airfan｜智慧風扇清淨機】集結20項重點功能設計，只為一次性解決您所有的床上生活需求！嘖嘖網站，https://www.zeczec.com/projects/haxson-airfan（最後瀏覽日：08/29/2022）。
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二、英文文獻
1. Books and Reports
ANNALEENA PARHANKANGAS et al, HANDBOOK OF RESEARCH ON CROWDFUNDING 2-3 (2019).
2015 CF CROWDFUNDING INDUSTRY REPORT, 82 (2015).
DENIS FRYDRYCH et al., INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON CROWDFUNDING, 103-04 (2016).
OECD RECOMMENDATION OF THE COUNCIL ON CONSUMER PROTECTION IN E-COMMERCE, 16 (2016).
J. THOMAS MCCARTHY, MCCARTHY ON TRADEMARKS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION, 17 (4th ed. 2015).
Kosjenka Dumancic & Natalia-Rozalia Avlona, The Regulatory Context and Legal Evolution: The Cases of Airbnb and Uber, THE SHARING ECONOMY IN EUROPE DEVELOPMENTS, PRACTICES, AND CONTRADICTIONS 72-73 (Vida Česnuitytė et al., ed., Palgrave Macmillan 2022) (2022).

2. Articles
Karish Manchanda et al., Crowdfunding: A New Paradigm in Startup Financing, 9 GCBF 369 (2014).
Joan M. Heminway & Shelden R. Hoffman, Proceed at Your Peril: Crowdfunding and the Securities Act of 1933, 78 TENN. l. REV. 879 (2011).
Karina Sigar, Fret No More: Inapplicability of Crowdfunding Concerns in the Internet Age and the JOBS Act’s Safeguards, 64 ADMIN. REV. 473 (2012).
Heather L.Traeger et al., Democratizing Entrepreneurship: An Overview of the Past, Present, and Future of Crowdfunding, 45 BLOOMBERG BNA SECURITIES REGULATION & LAW REPORT, 208 (2013).
Jordana Viotto Da Cruz, Competition and Regulation of Crowdfunding Platforms: A Two-sided Market Approach, 99 COM. & STRATEGIES 33 (2015).
Daniel Blaseg et al., Consumer Protection on Kickstarter, 39 MARKETING SCI., 211 (2020).
Apnizan Abdullah, Crowdfunding as an Emerging Fundraising Tool: With Special Reference to the Malaysian Regulatory Framework, 7 ICR J. 98 (2016).
Linas Sadzius & Tomas Sadzius, Existing Legal Issues for Crowdfunding Regulation in European Union Member States, 7 INT'L J. OF BUS., HUMAN. & TECH 52 (2017).
Christopher Moores, Kickstart My Lawsuit: Fraud and Justice in Rewards-Based Crowdfunding, 49 UCDL REV. 383 (2015).
Steven C. Bradford, Shooting the Messenger: The Liability of Crowdfunding Intermediaries for the Fraud of Others, 83 U. CIN. L. REV. 371 (2015).
Patryk Galuszka & Victor Bystrov, Development of Crowdfunding in Poland from the Perspectives of Law and Economics, 3 POLISH YEARBOOK L. & ECON. 145 (2012).
Douglas Cumming et al., Disentangling Crowdfunding from Fraudfunding, J. BUS. ETHICS 1 (2021).
Karima Bouaiss et al., More Than Three’s a Crowd . . . in the Best Interest of Companies!, 10 SOC’Y & BUS. REV. 22 (2015).
Ethan Mollick, The Dynamics of Crowdfunding: An Exploratory Study, 29 J. BUS. VENTURING 1 (2014).
David Gedda et al., Crowdfunding: Finding the Optimal Platform for Funders and Entrepreneurs, 6 TECH INNOVATION MGM’T REV. 31 (2016).
María Gutiérrez & María Isabel Sáez, The Promise of Reward Crowdfunding, 26 CORP. GOV. INT’L REV. 355 (2018).
Jordana Viotto Da Cruz, Beyond Financing: Crowdfunding as an Informational Mechanism, 33 J. BUS. VENTURING 371 (2017).
Garry A. Gabison, The Incentive Problems with the All-or-Nothing Crowdfunding Model, 12 HASTINGS BUS. L.J. 489 (2016).
Gary Dushnitsky et al., Crowdfunding in Europe: Determinants of Platform Creation Across Countries, 58 CAL MGMT. REV. 44 (2016).
Lars Hornuf & Matthias Schmitt, Success and Failure in Equity Crowdfunding, 14 CESIFO DICE REP. 16 (2016).
Steven C. Bradford, Crowdfunding and the Federal Securities Laws, COLUM. BUS. L. REV. 1 (2012).
Loreta Valanciene & Sima Jegeleviciute, Valuation of Crowdfunding: Benefits and Drawbacks, 18 ECON. & MAGT. 39 (2013).
Michael J. Ryoba et al., The Right Time for Crowd Communication During Campaigns for Sustainable Success of Crowdfunding: Evidence from Kickstarter Platform, 12 SUSTAINABILITY 7642 (2020).
Hasnan Baber, Entrepreneurial and Crowdfunding Intentions of Management Students in South Korea, 18 WORLD J. OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP, MGMT. & SUSTAINABLE DEV. 47 (2021).
Anjanette H. Raymond & Abbey Stemler, Trusting Strangers: Dispute Resolution in the Crowd, 16 CARDOZO J. CONFLICT RESOL. 357 (2014).
Jay H. Ganatra, When a Kickstarter Stops: Exploring Failures and Regulatory Frameworks for the Rewards-Based Crowdfunding Industry, 68 RUTGERS UL REV. 1425 (2015).
Yu Lei et al., Unique Challenges of Decision-Making Process on Crowdfunding Platforms—An Exploratory Study, PROCEEDINGS OF THE 51ST HAWAII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM SCIENCES 1809 (2018).
Anjali Gupta, E-Commerce: Role of E-Commerce in Today's Business, 4 INT’L J. COMPUTING & CORP. RES. 1 (2014).
Nandini CP, B2C E-Commerce and Consumer Protection with Special Reference to India – ADR A Best Possible Solution, 6 IJCLP 74 (2018).
Robert L. Oakley, Fairness in Electronic Contracting: Minimum Standards for NonNegotiated Contracts, 42 HOUS. L. REV 1041 (2005).
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Amy J. Dunn, Survey of Legislation: Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, 24 U. ARK. LITTLE ROCK L. REV. 603 (2002).
Benjamin Suksomnil, An Analysis of the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act and Its Effects on E-Commerce and the Online Consumer, SYRACUSE L. & TECH. J. 1 (2002).
Hisham Tahat, Factors Affecting E- Commerce Contract Law, EDUC. & TECH. A. 8 (2005).
Kurt M. Saunders & Gerlinde Berger-Walliser, The Liability of Online Markets for Counterfeit Goods: A Comparative Analysis of Secondary Trademark Infringement in the United States and Europe, 32 NW. J. INT’L L. & BUS. 37 (2011).
Mircea Radu et al., Consumer Protection in Electronic Commerce a Conceptual Framework Based on Literature Review, 61 APPLIED MATHEMATICS, MECHANICS, & ENGINEERING 306 (2018).
Jörg Binding,Kai Purnhagen, Regulations on E-Commerce Consumer Protection Rules in China and Europe Compared - Same Same but Different, 3 JIPITEC 192 (2011).
Kosjenka Dumančić, The EU Regulatory Activities in the Area of Digital Platforms and Services Provision, 5 ECLIC 688 (2021).
Nataliia Filatova-Bilous, Once Again Platform Liability: on the Edge of the ‘Uber’ and ‘Airbnb’ Cases, 10 INTERNET POL’Y REV. 1 (2021).
Janja Hojnik, Sharing Economy in Europe - Opportunities and Challenges, ZAVOD 14 (2018).
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Larry Downes, Managing the Big Bang: The Regulator’s Dilemma, 34 DEMOCRACY: A JOURNAL OF IDEAS 14 (2014).
3. Websites
Crowdfunding – Worldwide: Statista Market Forecast, STATISTA, https://www.statista.com/outlook/dmo/fintech/alternative-financing/crowdfunding/worldwide#transaction-value (last visited Mar. 20, 2022).
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Ethan Mollick, Wharton Crowdfunding Study, WHARTON UNIVERSITY PENNSYLVANIA, https://crowdfunding.wharton.upenn.edu/about/ (last visited Mar 21, 2022).
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Kickstarter Terms of Use Section 4, KICKSTARTER, https://www.kickstarter.com/terms-of-use#section4 (last visited Mar 22, 2022).
Update 21: Coolest/Countdown, KICKSTARTER (Jan. 31, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1121294.
Update 23: Blend on, KICKSTARTER (Mar. 15, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1127622.
Update 26: Late Hour Battery Change, But Still on Track, KICKSTARTER (Apr. 16, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1200986.
Update 28: Countdown to Coolest, KICKSTARTER (June. 9, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1258022.
Update 30: First Shipment!!!, KICKSTARTER (July. 25, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1304240.
Update 31: Shipping Timeline, KICKSTARTER (Aug. 22, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.cm/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1330897.
Update 36: I Hear You..., KICKSTARTER (Nov. 20, 2015), https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ryangrepper/coolest-cooler-21st-century-cooler-thats-actually/posts/1420302.
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4. Cases
Nguyen v. Barnes & Noble Inc., 763 F.3d 1171, 1180 (9th Cir. 2014).
Tiffany (NJ) Inc. v. eBay Inc., 600 F.3d 93, 103 (2d Cir. 2010).
Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Systems Spain, ECLIC:EU:C:2017:981 (Case C-434/15).
Case 390/18 Criminal proceedings against X [2019] ECLI:EU:C:2019:1112 (Airbnb Ireland).
三、日文文獻
1.網路資源
Kibidangoユーザー規約網站，https://kibidango.com/page/UserKiyaku （最後瀏覽日：08/15/2022）。
Beeline velo 2｜更に進化！目的地まで楽しくワクワク走れる自転車ナビKibidango網站， https://kibidango.com/1864 （最後瀏覽日：08/16/2022）。