臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究將透過利用計算流體力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)模式建立船用鍋爐(Boiler)管路系統設備模型數值模擬與分析。在鍋爐加熱過程中，因水中溶解氧會加速鐵和水的微電池(micro battery)反應，氧氣與氫氧化鐵(Fe(OH)3)反應，形成水和三氧化二鐵(Fe2O3)或三氧化二鐵鏽層，通常在金屬表面某一點開始，使金屬表面形成了鏽斑或是小洞；當這些麻點逐漸變成陽極時，便會發生嚴重腐蝕。藉由添加化學藥劑 (磷酸鹽PO43−或聚合物) 行化學反應以軟化水垢後再進行適當的排汚，以期能有效的模擬管路系統防腐蝕及延長設備使用壽命。同時透過模擬研究過程歸納出一些關於爐水化驗和流體流動的物理現象比對，及化學藥劑進料流速，測試流體進料流速改變對系統所造成之影響，並整理出流體進料流速改變時，對於反應物，也靠著增加熱水井水溫及化學品來降低冷凝水的pH值，進而達到吸收二氧化碳 (CO2) 效果。

本文研究希望藉由ANSYS Fluent®數值模擬方式，針對船用鍋爐或船用輔鍋爐的管路鏽蝕與結垢預防與對策，管理方式上的差異進行對比進而提出更佳解決方案。目前多數船舶都以柴油機作為主要動力來源，少數船舶以蒸汽渦輪機作為動力來源。兩者最大差異就在於蒸汽鍋爐之工作壓力，相對的水質上的要求也會有所差別，輔鍋爐僅需要以綜合型藥劑進行多功能的防護；高壓鍋爐就需要更嚴格的標準來化驗，並針對單一數值進行調整，讓水轉為蒸汽的過程中能夠更穩定不會造成管路中的繡蝕或是結垢。

The research will use computational fluid dynamics models to build Marine boiler models and analysis. Dissolved oxygen in water will accelerate the micro battery reaction of iron and water. Oxygen reacts with iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) to form water and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) or ferric oxide rust layer, usually on metal starting at a certain point on the surface, rust spots or small holes are formed on the metal surface; when these pits gradually become anodic, severe corrosion occurs during the boiler heating process. It is expected to effectively simulate the corrosion protection of the piping system and prolong the service life of the equipment by adding chemical potion (phosphate PO43− or polymer) for chemical reaction to soften the scale and then perform proper blow down. Through the simulation research process, some comparisons about the physical phenomenon of the furnace water analysis and fluid flow, as well as the feed flow rate of the chemical are summarized. The feed flow rate of chemical, analysis the impact of change the fluid feed rate in the system, sort out the change of feed rate reactants, increasing the water temperature of the hot well and chemicals to reduce the condensate water pH value, achieve the effect of absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2).

This research hopes to use the ANSYS Fluent® numerical simulation method to discuss the corrosion-resistant/scale prevention for Main boiler and Auxiliary boiler piping, comparison the different management plan to provide a better solution. Most of the merchant ships are equipped the diesel engine as their propelled power at present, only small number of ships are use the steam turbine engine. The most difference of these two types of boilers is working pressure of steam, request of water quality will have some change relatively, multi-function chemical is enough for Auxiliary; stricter standard to analysis for high-pressure boiler is required, and adjust by the single value, can be more stable without causing corrosion or scaling in the pipe during the heating water to steam process.

致謝............................................................................................................. I
中文摘要................................................................................................... II
Abstract...................................................................................................III
目錄.......................................................................................................... IV
圖目錄.....................................................................................................VII
表目錄...................................................................................................... IX
符號索引....................................................................................................X
第一章、前言 ............................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景 .............................................................................................. 2
1.2 研究動機 .............................................................................................. 3
1.3 研究問題與目的 .................................................................................. 5
1.4 文獻回顧 .............................................................................................. 8
1.4.1 船用鍋爐相關文獻.................................................................... 9
1.4.2 鍋爐防腐蝕相關文獻.............................................................. 11
1.5 研究流程 ............................................................................................ 12
1.6 論文架構 ............................................................................................ 14
第二章、船用鍋爐防腐蝕技術現況 ......................................................16
2.1 鍋爐現況 ............................................................................................ 17
2.2 船用鍋爐防腐蝕概述........................................................................ 18
2.2.1 防腐蝕技術流程...................................................................... 21
2.2.2 防腐蝕原理.............................................................................. 21
2.2.3 腐蝕速率的影響因素.............................................................. 30
2.2.4 船用鍋爐防腐蝕注意事項............................................................31
2.3 船用鍋爐建造限制之對應措施 ........................................................ 32
2.3.1 以船用輔鍋爐為例.................................................................. 33
2.3.2 國際船舶鍋爐藥劑使用現況.................................................. 36
2.4 船用鍋爐實體簡介 ............................................................................ 38
第三章、數學模式 ..................................................................................42
3.1 統禦方程式 ........................................................................................ 42
3.2 紊流模式 ............................................................................................ 44
3.3 數值模式 ............................................................................................ 45
3.3.1 輔鍋爐模型建立與設置.......................................................... 45
3.3.2 物質輸送與化學反應模型...................................................... 46
3.3.3 輔鍋爐水側系統之模式化...................................................... 48
3.4 邊界條件 ............................................................................................ 49
3.5 模擬分析流程 .................................................................................... 50
第四章、數值模擬分析 ..........................................................................52
4.1 模型建立與設置................................................................................ 52
4.2 模擬條件設定 .................................................................................... 52
4.3 船用輔鍋爐技術資料與規格............................................................ 53
4.4 數值模擬與流場分析 ........................................................................ 55
4.4.1 與網格數無關之測試.............................................................. 56
4.4.2 不同加熱溫度情況之流場分析.............................................. 56
4.5 小結 .................................................................................................... 77
第五章、結論與建議 ..............................................................................78
5.1 結論 .................................................................................................... 78
5.2 建議與展望 ........................................................................................ 79
參考文獻...................................................................................................80

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