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研究生:周思妤
研究生(外文):Shih-Yu Chou
論文名稱:社福資源值得性對支持弱勢群體之影響與機制
論文名稱(外文):The Influence and Mechanism of Welfare Deservingness on Supporting Disadvantaged Groups
指導教授:李怡青李怡青引用關係
指導教授(外文):I-Ching Lee
口試委員:張仁和葉崇揚
口試委員(外文):Jen-Ho ChangChung-Yang Yeh
口試日期:2022-12-19
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:心理學系
學門:社會及行為科學學門
學類:心理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2023
畢業學年度:111
語文別:中文
論文頁數:83
中文關鍵詞:社福資源值得性同情觀點採納資源競爭
外文關鍵詞:welfare deservingnesssympathyperspective-takingresource competition
DOI:10.6342/NTU202300130
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伴隨民主、平等的社會氛圍逐漸濃厚,現今許多弱勢群體發起權益與社福資源倡議運動,但是社會大眾對不同弱勢群體的倡議運動有迥異的態度。然而,目前尚不清楚大眾態度差異的原因與心理機制,本研究從社福資源值得性切入,探討人們知覺不同弱勢群體的社福資源值得性是否有差異,以及檢視弱勢群體的哪些性質可能影響社福資源值得性的判斷,亦進一步釐清社福資源值得性與支持意願關係之中介機制。預試(N = 106)結果顯示人們知覺五種弱勢群體(身心障礙者、老年人、街友、原住民、新住民)的社福資源值得性有所不同,亦發現被人們認為可控制性越低、服從社會標準程度越高的群體所獲得的社福資源值得性越高。研究一(N = 210)進一步探討社福資源值得性與支持意願之間的中介機制,結果顯示當人們知覺弱勢群體的社福資源值得性越高,會引起越多的同情情緒、越能觀點採納弱勢處境,以及認為弱勢群體的資源競爭性越低,進而更願意支持弱勢群體的社福政策與倡議行動。研究二(N = 353)則採用實驗法,結果顯示操弄可控制性、服從社會標準程度分別對人們知覺社福資源值得性有顯著影響,以及再次驗證社福資源值得性與支持意願的同情情緒、觀點取替與資源競爭的中介機制模型。本研究嘗試以社福資源值得性的角度來解釋台灣民眾對弱勢群體獲取社福資源的觀感差異,期望本研究能幫助台灣弱勢群體在未來權益與資源倡議的路上能獲得更正向的態度與支持。
As Taiwan grows increasingly democratic and egalitarian, more and more disadvantaged groups have initiated social movements to advocate/claim their rights to social welfare. However, the public differs in how they view various disadvantaged groups engaging in social movements, and what contributes to this difference remains unclear. In this research, we utilize the concept of welfare deservingness to examine the factors and psychological mechanisms behind people’s different attitudes toward disadvantaged groups. We tested first whether people perceive different degrees of welfare deservingness toward different disadvantaged groups. We then investigated factors that account for the different degrees of welfare deservingness among various disadvantaged groups, including four mediation processes to explain why people support some disadvantaged groups in seeking welfare but not others. In a pilot study (N = 106), we found that people have different degrees of welfare deservingness toward five target groups—disabled people, elderly people, homeless people, indigenous people, and recent immigrants. In addition, groups less controllable for their fate and more adhering to social norms would be perceived as more deserving. According to the survey data in Study 1 (N = 210), sympathy, perspective-taking, and zero-sum competition were found to account for the association between welfare deservingness and support for the welfare given to a specific group. The more people feel deserving of a target group, the more sympathy they feel toward the target group, the more people could take the perspective of the target group, and the less they feel that the target group threatens the fair allocation of resources; as a result, they support the welfare policy tailored toward the target group (Study 1). In Study 2 (N = 353), we implemented an experiment and collected causal evidence for the mediation processes (sympathy, perspective-taking, and resource competition). By revealing group characteristics that account for different degrees of deservingness (controllability and norm-adherence) and mediation processes (sympathy, perspective-taking, and resource competition) that account for the association between deservingness and support of welfare policy for various disadvantaged groups, we offer suggestions on how disadvantaged groups may engage in social movements that improve their current situations.
誌謝 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 社會福利態度之影響因素 3
第二節 社福資源值得性 4
第三節 可控制性 6
第四節 服從社會標準程度 7
第五節 中介歷程:同情與憤怒 8
第六節 中介歷程:觀點採納與資源競爭 9
第七節 研究目的與假設 10
第二章 預試 12
第一節 研究設計 12
第二節 研究參與者 12
第三節 研究材料 13
第三章 預試之研究結果 13
第一節 社福資源值得性 13
第二節 所處困境可控制性 14
第三節 服從社會標準程度 15
第四節 可控制性與服從社會標準程度對社福資源值得性之預測 15
第五節 討論 18
第四章 研究一 20
第一節 研究設計 20
第二節 研究參與者 21
第三節 研究材料 21
第五章 研究一之結果 25
第一節 社福資源值得性之檢核 25
第二節 同情情緒與憤怒情緒之差異 26
第三節 觀點採納與資源競爭之差異 27
第四節 支持意願之差異 28
第五節 社福資源值得性與支持意願之中介機制 29
第六節 可控制性與服從社會標準程度對社福資源值得性之預測 37
第七節 額外分析 40
第八節 研究一討論 41
第六章 研究二 44
第一節 研究設計 44
第二節 研究參與者 45
第三節 研究材料 46
第七章 研究二之結果 50
第一節 情境真實性之檢核 51
第二節 可控制性、服從社會標準程度之檢核 51
第三節 社福資源值得性之差異 51
第四節 同情情緒與憤怒情緒之差異 52
第五節 觀點採納與資源競爭之差異 54
第六節 支持意願之差異 55
第七節 社福資源值得性與支持意願之中介機制 56
第八節 研究二討論 61
第八章 綜合討論 64
第一節 社福資源值得性對支持意願之影響 64
第二節 可控制性、服從社會標準影響社福資源值得性 64
第三節 同情、觀點採納、資源競爭之中介機制 65
第九章 研究貢獻、限制及未來研究建議 67
第一節 研究貢獻 67
第二節 研究限制與未來研究方向 68
參考文獻 69
附錄 75
附錄一 預試問卷 75
附錄二 可控制性量表 77
附錄三 服從社會標準程度量表 78
附錄四 觀點採納量表 79
附錄五 資源競爭量表 80
附錄六 支持意願量表 81
附錄七 研究一額外分析(組別1:肢體障礙者與街友) 82
附錄八 研究一額外分析(組別2:老人與原住民) 83
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