臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本研究目的為評估採用自動化清掃工法於長公路隧道瀝青鋪面養護工作之可行性，先選擇隧道外進行鋪面銑刨與試鋪之先期試驗評估，後於長隧道內進行驗證，分別評估粉塵濃度變化、清掃面清潔效率、施工項目時間與工率、空氣品質、交通維持、以及整體工期預估。因銑刨機滾筒刨磨、刨除料運送和刨除面清掃過程中，均會產生大量揚塵，本研究於試驗過程中分析所產生粉塵量之數據，以做為日後施工人員防護作業之參考，因長隧道內為類似封閉空間，施工過程中會有通風不良之疑慮，既有之隧道排風設備恐無法將全部粉塵排出於隧道外，施作人員可能會因吸入過量粉塵而影響身體健康，隧道內用路人也會因大量揚塵而造成行車視距降低，進而增加發生車禍事故的風險。在本研究所使用的機具、材料與試驗方法等條件限制下，依測試數據成果顯示，在隧道內噴流風機之開啟，可有效控制粉塵濃度，各項指標甚至低於隧道外之粉塵濃度，空氣品質數據顯示粉塵逸散對能見度指標亦不影響，然而，可吸入性粉塵PM2.5平均值高於美國國家職業安全衛生研究所建議之0.05mg/m3(50μg/m3)；當採用自動化清掃機清掃，在有效吸塵範圍內之清潔效率至少可達92%。另分析週二至周四晚間交通流量較低，雖然於施工中封閉單一車道，並將速限要求降低至每小時70公里，數據顯示長隧道內交通服務水準仍可維持在C等級；研究進一步在工期預估方面進行多種策略分析，將自動化清掃車搭配山貓清掃車的方式作業，每天夜間可施工的長度為單車道1,200公尺，總工期需44天；如採用兩組機具及設備於同車道二處施工，則總工期將可縮短50%，除可減少施工時間造成用路人行車風險，成本亦可節省1.77%。

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to evaluate automated rehabilitation process for the highway tunnel pavement. The trials were conducted outside the highway tunnel, followed by performing tests inside the tunnel for assess-ments in order to establish the future rehabilitation strategies. Comprehensive assessments in this study included dust control in tunnel, dust mitigation from milled surface, productivity in rehabilitation process, traffic level of service and cost analysis. The results showed that dust concentration was generally kept at low concentration levels as long as the ventilation fans were operated dur-ing the milling process. Additionally, little effect of dust concentration was ex-hibited on visibility for road users in the tunnel. However, the average PM2.5 value is considerably higher than the NIOSH recommended value of 0.05 mg/m3 (50 μg/m3). In addition, the percentage of dust mitigation from milled surface is found to be at least 92% when the sweeper with vacuum system was adopted for the rehabilitation process. The results regarding traffic man-agement in the tunnel at night time also appeared to be kept at C level of ser-vice. In terms of the cost analysis, two sets of vacuum-based sweepers to-gether with mechanical loaders utilized in the working zone is recommended. It is also estimated that the construction period can be shorten up to 50%, and the budget can be saved up to approximately 1.77%.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VII
表目錄 XI
附表目錄 XIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 1
1.3 研究目的 2
1.4 研究範圍 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 空氣懸浮微粒特性及來源分析 3
2.2 逸散性污染物的揚起機制 3
2.3 逸散性粒狀污染物 4
2.4 鋪面銑刨機具 5
2.5 國外鋪面銑刨粉塵量控制研究 7
2.6 鋪面清掃機具 10

第三章 研究計畫 13
3.1 先期評估研究流程 13
3.1.1 隧道外粉塵評估 14
3.1.2 試驗地點選址確認 14
3.1.3 勤前教育及危害告知 14
3.1.4 現地粉塵量測 15
3.1.5 現地粉塵量測指標 16
3.1.6 現地粉塵量濃度 16
3.1.7 先期評估之建議 20
3.2 長隧道內粉塵評估 21
3.2.1 長隧道內鋪面狀況 22
3.2.2 現地試驗時間與位置 25
3.2.3 粉塵量檢驗 25
3.2.4 比較自動化與傳統工法刨除面清掃效率 27
3.2.5 養護工程時間序 34
3.2.6 隧道內空氣品質監測 34
3.2.7 交通量統計 36
3.2.8 銑刨機 36
3.2.9 清掃車 37
第四章 結果與討論 38
4.1 銑刨時之粉塵濃度 38
4.2 清掃時之粉塵濃度 39
4.3 隧道內粉塵濃度變化(固定點位) 41
4.4 自動化清掃效率 47
4.5 各施工項目施作時間驗證 49
4.6 空氣品質與能見度 54
4.7 交通量評估 56
4.8 長隧道內刨鋪施工要領 58
4.9 工率分析 60
4.10 整體工期評估及成本分析 61
第五章 結論與建議 72
5.1 結論 72
5.2 建議 73
參考文獻 74

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