臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a significant public health challenge in Thailand, particularly among key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender individuals (TG), and adolescents. High rates of HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) are prevalent due to risky behaviors and inadequate awareness of preventive measures like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors associated with STIs is crucial for targeted interventions.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between age and the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, particularly HIV, across different regions of Thailand. It sought to assess STI and HIV incidence rate in 2022, analyze longitudinal trends from 2016 to 2020, and identify geographic patterns of STIs in Thailand.

Materials and Methods: Data collection involved extracting STIs and HIV annually incidence data from Ministry of Public Health Department of Disease Control, Thailand and AIDS Surveillance System managed by the Epidemiology Division, AIDS Tuberculosis Epidemiological Surveillance System Development Group. Geoda software was utilized for spatial demonstration, generating maps to visualize STI rates across Thai provinces. Statistical analyses included general linear regression and mixed regression models to explore the relationship between age distribution and STI rates over time, adjusting for demographic factors.
Results: The study identified high prevalence rates of chancroid, gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia in specific provinces, highlighting variability in STI patterns across regions. Significant associations between age distribution and STI rates were observed in 2022, with distinct impacts on HIV and syphilis incidence among different age groups. Longitudinal analysis indicated stable or increasing STI rates in certain areas despite national efforts.

Conclusion: In summary, sexually transmitted infections in Thailand exhibit diverse geographic distribution and demographic associations. STIs patterns in Thailand varied across provinces, with Chiang Rai and Phuket having the highest rates. Phayao, Rayong, and Si Sa Ket had high STIs incidence rates. Adjusting the 2022 data for age highlighted a strong association between HIV, STIs, and specific age groups. Various sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand are concentrated in specific areas, despite consistent incidence rates across provinces. Continued research and collaborative efforts are essential to refine interventions and achieve sustained reductions in STI incidence across Thailand.

Table of Contents
Abstract i
Table of Contents iii
List of Tables vi
List of Figure vii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Research Objective 6
1.4 Research Structure 7
Chapter 2 Literature Review 8
2.1 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 8
2.1.1 Definition Of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 8
2.1.2 Common symptoms of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 9
2.1.3 Common types of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 10
2.1.4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Prevalence Rate 10
2.1.5 Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 12
2.2 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 17
2.2.1 Definition Of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 17
2.2.2 Common symptoms of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 18
2.3 Age group distribution 27
2.3.1 Definition of Age group distribution 27
2.3.2 Age group distribution in Thailand 28
2.3.3 The link between age group distribution and HIV 29
Chapter 3 Materials & Methods 32
3.1 Data collection 32
3.2 Conceptual Framework 33
3.3 Operationalization 34
3.4 Definition 37
3.4.1 Definition of incidence rate of STIs 37
3.4.2 Definition of age distribution 37
3.5 Statistical analysis 38
Chapter 4 Results 41
4.1 Situation Sexually Transmitted Infections in Thailand 41
4.1.1 Situation Chancroid in Thailand 41
4.1.2 Situation Gonorrhea in Thailand 45
4.1.3 Situation lymph in Thailand 49
4.1.4 Situation Syphilis in Thailand 53
4.1.5 Situation Chlamydia in Thailand 57
4.1.6 Situation STIs 5 in Thailand 61
4.2 Situation Human Immunodeficiency Virus 65
4.3 The association between age distribution and STIs incidence rates based on 2022 71
4.4 The association between age distribution and STIs incidence rates based on 5 years (2016-2020) repeated data 73
4.5 The association between HIV and STIs incidence rates after adjustment for age based on 2022 75
4.6 The association between HIV and STIs incidence rates after adjustment for age based on 5 years (2016-2020) longitudinal repeated data 77
Chapter 5 Conclusion 79
5.1 Research findings 79
5.2 Managerial Implications 87
5.3 Limitation and Future Research 88
References 90

List of Tables
Table 3 – 1 Operationalized definitions of constructs.........36
Table 4 – 1 Incidence rate of Chancroid in Thailand ..........42
Table 4 – 2 Incidence rate of Gonorrhea in Thailand..........46
Table 4 – 3 Incidence rate of lymph in Thailand..........50
Table 4 – 4 Incidence rate of Syphilis in Thailand.......54
Table 4 – 5 Incidence rate of Chlamydia in Thailand .........58
Table 4 – 6 Incidence rate of STIs 5 in Thailand..........62
Table 4 – 7 Incidence rate of HIV in Thailand ......66
Table 4 – 8 The association between age distribution and STIs incidence
rates based on 2022.............72
Table 4 – 9 The association between age distribution and STIs incidence
rates based on 5 years (2016-2020) repeated data........74
Table 4 – 10 The association between HIV and STIs incidence rates after
adjustment for age based on 2022 ...........76
Table 4 – 11 The association between HIV and STIs incidence rates after
adjustment for age based on 5 years (2016-2020) repeated data ......78

List of Figure
Figure 3 – 1 Research Model............33
Figure 4 – 1 Incidence rate of Chancroid in Thailand.........45
Figure 4 – 2 Incidence rate of Gonorrhea in Thailand ........49
Figure 4 – 3 Incidence rate of lymph in Thailand ........53
Figure 4 – 4 Incidence rate of Syphilis in Thailand .....57
Figure 4 – 5 Incidence rate of Chlamydia in Thailand........61
Figure 4 – 6 Incidence rate of STIs 5 in Thailand........65
Figure 4 – 7 Incidence rate of HIV in Thailand ...........69

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