臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，各國積極推動聯合國的永續發展目標，社會上逐漸重視人類生活的心理健康。幸福，是心理健康的一種表現，這不僅提升個人的生活品質，還對整個社會的穩定和發展至關重要。然而，影響幸福因素眾多，本研究主要針對國家的自由程度與人均GDP，探討自由度及人均GDP對幸福感之影響。其中，自由度衡量包含經濟、民主和人身自由度，經濟自由度取自佛瑞塞機構，民主自由度取自經濟學人智庫，人身自由度則取自佛瑞塞機構和加圖研究機構，並以 16 個亞太經濟合作會議成員國為研究對象， 2012 年至 2021 年為研究期間，採縱橫資料進行實證分析。
首先使用單根檢定確認整合級次，隨後以縱橫資料自我迴歸分配落後模型做實證分析，並另進行皮爾森相關係數檢驗變數相關性。實證結果顯示，於長期而言，經濟自由度、民主自由度與人身自由度會促使幸福上升，人均GDP會促使幸福下降。從人均GDP的結果顯示執政者不可一位地追求經濟數字的成長。而在經濟自由度上，建議政府降低對市場的管制或提高法制完整性；在民主自由度上，建議政府促進公民參與政治的意願或放寬政治上的言論自由；在人身自由度上，建議政府加強人民或新聞媒體在表達上的安全性，或放寬對宗教的管束，將有益於提升幸福感。

In recent years, countries have been actively promoting the United Nations’ SDGs, and the mental health in human life has been gradually focused on society. Happiness is a manifestation of mental health, which not only enhances the personal quality of life, but also is crucial to the stability and development in whole society. However, there are many factors affecting happiness. This study focuses on the degree of freedom in countries and per capita GDP, examining the impact of freedom and per capita GDP on happiness. The measurement of freedom includes economic freedom, democratic freedom and personal freedom. The source of economic freedom is taken from the Fraser Institute, democratic freedom from the Economist Intelligence Unit, and personal freedom from the Fraser Institute and the Gatto Institute. Use the longitudinal and cross-sectional data from 2012 to 2021, with 16 countries from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) as the study subjects.
Firstly, unit root tests are used to confirm the level of integration, then using Panel ARDL-ECM model to analyze and Pearson's correlation coefficients to test the correlation of the variables. The empirical results show that in the long run, economic freedom, personal freedom, and democratic freedom will enhance happiness, while per capita GDP will inhibit happiness. The results of per capita GDP show that those in power cannot pursue growth in economic figures alone. In terms of economic freedom, it is recommended that government should reduce the regulation of market and improve the integrity of the legal system. In terms of democratic freedom, it is recommended that the government promote citizens’ willingness to participate in politics or relax political freedom of speech. In terms of personal freedom, it is recommended that the government strengthen the safety of expression for people or the news media, or relax restrictions on religion, which will be beneficial to improving happiness.

第一章 緒論 1
　　第一節　研究背景與動機 1
　　第二節　研究目的 13
　　第三節　研究架構 13
第二章 文獻探討 15
　　第一節　GDP與幸福 16
　　第二節　經濟自由度與幸福 19
　　第三節　民主自由度與幸福 23
　　第四節　人身自由度與幸福 27
第三章 研究方法 31
　　第一節　縱橫資料單根檢定 33
　　第二節　縱橫資料自我迴歸分配落後模型 37
　　第三節　實證模型 39
第四章 實證結果與分析 40
　　第一節　資料來源與變數說明 40
　　第二節　敘述性統計 47
　　第三節　Panel 單根檢定結果 52
　　第四節　Panel ARDL-ECM實證結果 55
　　第五節　皮爾森相關係數分析 60
第五章 結論與建議 64
　　第一節　研究結論 64
　　第二節　研究建議與限制 66
參考文獻 68
附錄 73

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