臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討未婚者之防禦型悲觀對親密關係滿意度的影響，並觀察婚姻態度是否在兩者間具有調節效果。研究者採問卷調查法，蒐集台灣地區年齡介於20-35歲、曾經或目前正在一段親密關係的未婚者，共取得368筆有效樣本。透過研究工具含「防禦型悲觀量表」、「關係評估量表」、「婚姻態度量表」，以SPSS進行描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸和階層迴歸分析進行研究樣本的統計檢驗。主要研究結果如下：
一、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之現況
(一) 未婚者具有偏高的整體防禦型悲觀程度，且在防禦型悲觀的兩個向度中，「負向反思」向度得分高於「悲觀期望」。
(二) 未婚者具有偏滿意的親密關係滿意度。
(三) 未婚者具有偏正向的整體婚姻態度，且在婚姻態度的三個向度中，「行為傾向」得分最高，次之為「情感傾向」和「認知傾向」。
二、防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關情形
(一) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著負相關。
(二) 未婚者之整體婚姻態度與親密關係滿意度呈現顯著正相關。
(三) 未婚者之整體防禦型悲觀程度與整體婚姻態度呈現顯著負相關。
三、婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果
當個體具有越正向的婚姻態度之認知傾向，越能削弱防禦型悲觀程度之悲觀期望對親密關係滿意度的負向效果。
四、不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異情形
(一) 不同生理性別在整體婚姻態度、婚姻態度之認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。
(二) 不同感情狀態在整體防禦型悲觀及其中的「悲觀期望」向度、親密關係滿意度、婚姻態度中的認知、行為兩向度，有顯著差異。
(三) 不同性傾向之未婚者在整體婚姻態度和其中的「認知傾向」向度有顯著差異。

This study aimed to investigate the effect of defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals and examine whether marital attitudes moderated these two variables. The researcher adopted the questionnaire survey approach in this survey, and collect 368 valid samples from 20-35 year-old never-married individuals, who were currently or had previously been in an romantic relationship. The research instruments included the Revised Defensive Pessimism Questionnaire, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Marital Attitudes Scale. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, multiple regression and hierarchical regression analyses, were conducted with SPSS. The main findings are as follows:
I. Status of defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes:
(i) Never-married individuals reported relatively high levels of overall defensive pessimism, with higher score on the negative reflectivity dimension than the pessimistic expectations dimension.
(ii) Never-married individuals reported relatively high relationship satisfaction.
(iii) Never-married individuals relatively positive overall marital attitudes, with the highest scores on the behavioral dimension, followed by the affective dimension and cognitive dimension.
II. Correlations among defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction, and marital attitudes:
(i) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals.
(ii) Overall marital attitudes were significantly positively correlated with relationship satisfaction among never-married individuals.
(iii) Overall defensive pessimism was significantly negatively correlated with overall marital attitudes among never-married individuals.
III. Moderating effect of marital attitudes between defensive pessimism and relationship satisfaction:
Individuals with more positive cognitive dimension of marital attitudes would weakened the negative impact of pessimistic expectations from defensive pessimism on relationship satisfaction.
IV. The impact of different background variables on defensive pessimism, relationship satisfaction and marital attitudes:
(i) Significant differences were found in overall marital attitudes, and its cognitive and behavioral dimensions based on biological sex.
(ii) Significant differences were found in overall defensive pessimism and its pessimistic expectation dimension, relationship satisfaction, cognitive and behavioral dimensions from marital attitudes based on relationship status.
(iii) Significant differences were found in overall marital attitudes and its cognitive dimension based on sexual orientation.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與問題 6
第三節 名詞釋義 7

第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 防禦型悲觀之定義與相關研究 11
第二節 防禦型悲觀與親密關係滿意度 23
第三節 婚姻態度作為調節變項的預測效果 31
第四節 不同背景變項對防禦型悲觀、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之影響 37

第三章 研究方法 41
第一節 研究架構 41
第二節 研究對象 43
第三節 研究工具 44
第四節 研究程序 50
第五節 資料處理方法 53

第四章 研究結果 55
第一節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之現況分析 55
第二節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關考驗 58
第三節 婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果 60
第四節 不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異分析 63

第五章 研究討論 71
第一節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之概況探討 71
第二節 防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之相關結果探討 74
第三節 婚姻態度在防禦型悲觀程度與親密關係滿意度之調節效果探討 77
第四節 不同背景變項在防禦型悲觀程度、親密關係滿意度與婚姻態度之差異情形討論 79

第六章 結論與建議 81
第一節 結論 81
第二節 研究限制與建議 84

參考文獻 89
一、中文部分 89
二、外文部分 91

附錄 104
附錄一 研究問卷 104
附錄二 研究工具使用同意書 110

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