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研究生:劉瀚文
研究生(外文):Han-Wen Liu
論文名稱(外文):Calibration Study of Low-Noise Detection Chain for Axion Haloscope Search
指導教授:陳永富陳永富引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yung-Fu Chen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立中央大學
系所名稱:物理學系
學門:自然科學學門
學類:物理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2024
畢業學年度:112
語文別:英文
論文頁數:41
中文關鍵詞:Y因子方法軸子探測共振腔輻射熱校正開關校正放大鍊校正約瑟夫森參數放大器
外文關鍵詞:Y-factor methodAxion haloscope detectionCavity-emitted radiation calibrationOn-off calibrationAmplification chain calibrationJosephson parametric amplifier
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軸子作為一種假想粒子,預計在與電磁場交互作用下會轉換為光子。在軸子探測的實驗中,轉換的光子會在共振腔累積。縱使已累積光子作為訊號,訊號強度仍然很弱,因此準確地校正探測鍊的噪聲至關重要。以往的實驗中,利用Y因子方法校正時,必須假設兩條導線的行為彼此類似,再將一條校正鍊的結果類比至探測鍊。現在,利用共振腔輻射熱校正探測鍊可以免去”相似假設”,而且他的可行性也被證實。此外,使用開關校正方法可以決定參量放大器的增益。整合兩種校正方法,共振腔輻射熱校正與開關校正,便能精確的決定軸子探測的系統雜訊。
A hypothetical particle, the axion, is predicted to transform into photons when it interacts with an electromagnetic field. In the haloscope detection, the transformed photons
accumulate in a cavity. However, the signal produced by the accumulated axions is still weak, so accurately determining the system noise through calibration is crucial. Traditionally, the Y-factor calibration method was necessary to assume that cable losses were similar. However, a new method of cavity-emitted radiation calibration has eliminated the need for this assumption and its feasibility is proven. Additionally, the on-off method
has been introduced to characterize the gain of the Josephson parametric amplifier. By integrating the results of radiation calibration and on-off calibration, the system noise can be determined accurately.
Abstract ii
Contents iii
List of Figures iv
Glossary v
Acronym . . . . v
Symbol . . . . vi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Axion haloscope detection . . . . 1
1.2 Review . . . . 3
1.3 Goal . . . . 5
2 Theory . . . . 7
2.1 Calibration idea . . . . 7
2.2 Radiation emitted from a blackbody . . . . 7
2.3 Radiation emitted from a cavity . . . . 8
3 Experiment Results . . . . 12
3.1 Components and procedures . . . . 12
3.2 Blackbody-emitted radiation calibration . . . . 13
3.3 Cavity-emitted radiation calibration . . . . 15
4 Calibration for axion detection chain with JPA . . . . 23
4.1 Pump-off calibration . . . . 23
4.2 On-off calibration method and system noise . . . . 24
5 Conclusion . . . . 29
References . . . . 30
[1] Pierre Sikivie. Experimental tests of the” invisible” axion. Physical Review Letters, 51(16):1415, 1983.
[2] Pierre Sikivie. Detection rates for “invisible”-axion searches. Physical Review D, 32(11):2988, 1985.
[3] Robert Henry Dicke. The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies.
Review of scientific instruments, 17(7):268–275, 1946.
[4] Slawomir Simbierowicz, Visa Vesterinen, Joshua Milem, Aleksi Lintunen, Mika Oksanen, Leif Roschier, Leif Gronberg, Juha Hassel, David Gunnarsson, and Russell E
Lake. Characterizing cryogenic amplifiers with a matched temperature-variable noise
source. Review of Scientific Instruments, 92(3), 2021.
[5] Benjamin M Brubaker. First results from the HAYSTAC axion search. PhD thesis, Yale University, 2017.
[6] Hsin Chang, Jing-Yang Chang, Yi-Chieh Chang, Yu-Han Chang, Yuan-Hann Chang, Chien-Han Chen, Ching-Fang Chen, Kuan-Yu Chen, Yung-Fu Chen, Wei-Yuan Chiang, et al. Taiwan axion search experiment with haloscope: Designs and operations. Review of Scientific Instruments, 93(8), 2022.
[7] David M Pozar. Microwave engineering. John wiley & sons, 2011.
[8] Matteo Mariantoni, Edwin P Menzel, Frank Deppe, MA Araque Caballero, Alexander Baust, Thomas Niemczyk, Elisabeth Hoffmann, Enrique Solano, Achim Marx, and Rudolf Gross. Planck spectroscopy and quantum noise of microwave beam splitters.
Physical review letters, 105(13):133601, 2010.
[9] Hsin Chang, Han-Wen Liu, Hien Thi Doan, and Yung-Fu Chen. Microwave amplification chain calibration in an axion haloscope via cavity-emitted radiation. In preparation.
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