臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

軸子作為一種假想粒子，預計在與電磁場交互作用下會轉換為光子。在軸子探測的實驗中，轉換的光子會在共振腔累積。縱使已累積光子作為訊號，訊號強度仍然很弱，因此準確地校正探測鍊的噪聲至關重要。以往的實驗中，利用Y因子方法校正時，必須假設兩條導線的行為彼此類似，再將一條校正鍊的結果類比至探測鍊。現在，利用共振腔輻射熱校正探測鍊可以免去”相似假設”，而且他的可行性也被證實。此外，使用開關校正方法可以決定參量放大器的增益。整合兩種校正方法，共振腔輻射熱校正與開關校正，便能精確的決定軸子探測的系統雜訊。

A hypothetical particle, the axion, is predicted to transform into photons when it interacts with an electromagnetic field. In the haloscope detection, the transformed photons
accumulate in a cavity. However, the signal produced by the accumulated axions is still weak, so accurately determining the system noise through calibration is crucial. Traditionally, the Y-factor calibration method was necessary to assume that cable losses were similar. However, a new method of cavity-emitted radiation calibration has eliminated the need for this assumption and its feasibility is proven. Additionally, the on-off method
has been introduced to characterize the gain of the Josephson parametric amplifier. By integrating the results of radiation calibration and on-off calibration, the system noise can be determined accurately.

Abstract ii
Contents iii
List of Figures iv
Glossary v
Acronym . . . . v
Symbol . . . . vi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Axion haloscope detection . . . . 1
1.2 Review . . . . 3
1.3 Goal . . . . 5
2 Theory . . . . 7
2.1 Calibration idea . . . . 7
2.2 Radiation emitted from a blackbody . . . . 7
2.3 Radiation emitted from a cavity . . . . 8
3 Experiment Results . . . . 12
3.1 Components and procedures . . . . 12
3.2 Blackbody-emitted radiation calibration . . . . 13
3.3 Cavity-emitted radiation calibration . . . . 15
4 Calibration for axion detection chain with JPA . . . . 23
4.1 Pump-off calibration . . . . 23
4.2 On-off calibration method and system noise . . . . 24
5 Conclusion . . . . 29
References . . . . 30

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