臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著區塊鏈技術的快速發展，其在售票系統領域的應用潛力日益受到關
注。然而，現有的基於區塊鏈的票務系統仍面臨著諸多挑戰，如機器人搶票、
黃牛炒賣票券、二級市場不成熟、用戶體驗不佳等。為了應對這些挑戰，本論
文提出了一種創新的基於區塊鏈智能合約的票務管理系統解決方案。
本論文首先深入分析了區塊鏈技術和智能合約的特性，以及它們在票務系 統中的應用優勢。在此基礎上，設計了一套完整的智能合約體系，包括具有特 殊限制之 NFT 票券、多種銷售模式和 NFT 二級市場智能合約，實現了安全、 透明、公平、高效的票務功能。同時，本論文還創新性地利用 ChainLink VRF 實現了鏈上隨機數的生成，以保證隨機抽籤銷售的公平性;採用 IPFS 實現了鏈 下數據的去中心化存儲;並利用 TheGraph 實現了鏈上事件的高效監聽和查詢。
本論文成果對推動區塊鏈技術在票務領域的應用具重要意義，為解決當前 票務系統面臨的諸多問題提供新的思路和方法。未來，還可以進一步探索智能 合約在更複雜場景下的設計優化、與去中心化身份( Decentralized Identity,DID ) 系統的結合，以提高系統的適用性和擴展性，並拓展至更多的應用場景，如體 育賽事、演唱會、展覽等領域。

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, its potential for application in the ticketing system domain has attracted increasing attention. However, existing blockchain-based ticketing systems still face numerous challenges, such as ticket snatching by bots, ticket scalping, immature secondary markets, and poor user experience. To address these challenges, this research proposes an innovative ticket management system solution based on blockchain smart contracts.
Firstly, this research thoroughly analyzes the characteristics of blockchain technology and smart contracts, as well as their advantages in ticketing systems. On this basis, a comprehensive smart contract system is designed, including NFT tickets with special restrictions, various sales models, and NFT secondary market smart contracts, realizing secure, transparent, fair, and efficient ticketing functions. Moreover, this research utilizes ChainLink VRF to generate on-chain random numbers, ensuring the fairness of random draw sales; employs IPFS for decentralized off-chain data storage; and leverages TheGraph for efficient on-chain event monitoring and querying.
The results of this research have significant implications for promoting the application of blockchain technology in the ticketing field, providing new ideas and methods to solve the many problems faced by current ticketing systems. In the future, further exploration can be conducted on optimizing smart contract design in more complex scenarios, integrating with decentralized identity systems to enhance the system's applicability and scalability, and expanding to more application scenarios, such as sports events, concerts, exhibitions, and other domains.

目錄
摘要.................................................................................................................................i Abstract ..........................................................................................................................ii 目錄...............................................................................................................................iv
圖目錄........................................................................................................................ viii 第一章 緒論............................................................................................................ 1
1.1 研究背景.................................................................................................... 1
1.2 研究動機.................................................................................................... 2
1.3 研究目的.................................................................................................... 3
1.4 章節概要.................................................................................................... 4
第二章 相關研究.................................................................................................... 5
2.1 傳統售票系統............................................................................................ 5
2.1.1 運作方式........................................................................................ 5
2.1.2 銷售方式........................................................................................ 5
2.1.3 優點與缺點.................................................................................... 6
2.2 區塊鏈技術................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1 區塊鏈之透明性與不可篡改性.................................................... 8
2.2.2 區塊鏈之共識機制........................................................................ 9
iv
第三章
3.1 3.2
2.3
2.2.3 區塊鏈之應用................................................................................ 9 智能合約與去中心化應用...................................................................... 10
2.3.1 智能合約的特點.......................................................................... 11
2.3.2 智能合約的應用場景.................................................................. 12
2.3.3 去中心化應用(DApps) .......................................................... 12
以太坊與相關技術.................................................................................. 13
2.4.1 以太坊代幣標準.......................................................................... 14
2.4.2 ChainlinkVRF .............................................................................. 14
2.4.3 IPFS.............................................................................................. 15
2.4.4 TheGraph ..................................................................................... 16
2.4.5 靈魂綁定代幣(Soul Bound Token).............................................17
基於區塊鏈智能合約的售票系統設計.................................................. 19 系統架構設計.......................................................................................... 19 智能合約設計.......................................................................................... 20
3.2.1 NFT 票券設計 ............................................................................. 21
3.2.2 先到先得銷售合約...................................................................... 23
3.2.3 劃位制銷售合約.......................................................................... 24
3.2.4 荷蘭式拍賣合約.......................................................................... 24
2.4
v

第四章
4.1
3.2.5 隨機銷售合約.............................................................................. 27
3.2.6 Allowlist 銷售..............................................................................29
3.2.7 NFT 交易市場合約 ..................................................................... 30
3.2.8 NFT 票券二級市場事件(Event)............................................32
實作結果.................................................................................................. 34
票券鑄造功能(一級銷售).................................................................. 34
4.1.1 先到先得銷售.............................................................................. 35
4.1.2 劃位制銷售.................................................................................. 36
4.1.3 荷蘭式拍賣.................................................................................. 37
4.1.4 隨機抽籤銷售.............................................................................. 39
4.1.5 Allowlist 銷售..............................................................................41
票券轉移功能.......................................................................................... 42 所有權驗證與轉移紀錄.......................................................................... 44 NFT 交易市場(二級市場).................................................................46
4.4.1 標售持有之 NFT 票券 ................................................................ 47
4.4.2 取消及更新標售 NFT 票券 ........................................................ 48
4.4.3 購買標售之 NFT 票券 ................................................................ 49
4.2 4.3 4.4
vi

4.5 IPFS 的應用與數據存儲.........................................................................50
4.6 TheGraph 的查詢與數據顯示 ................................................................51
第五章 結論與展望.............................................................................................. 52 參考文獻...................................................................................................................... 54

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