臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究旨在探討各種形式的靜坐、感知和正念如何提升工作效率。研究檢視了靜坐方法的應用，以減少壓力、改善認知過程並增強整體幸福感。理論和實踐研究的證據顯示，定期進行靜坐練習具有多種健康益處，包括增強認知能力、減少壓力及提升工作中的生產力。對於尋求長期解決方案以提高生產力的專業人士和決策者來說，本研究提供了有價值的見解，指出靜坐可能促進更和平及高效的工作環境。在這個模型中，年齡作為調節變項，而壓力和工作滿意度則作為中介變項。雖然靈性可能對一個人的幸福感和工作效率有正面影響，但壓力可能抵消這些正面影響。壓力可能對一個人的幸福感和工作表現造成負面影響。工作滿意度越高，工作表現越好，兩者之間存在正比關係。，壓力和工作幸福感在靈性影響中起到部分中介作用。然而，以往的研究主要集中在個體靈性和幸福感上。靜坐等生活藝術，截至目前，例如對工作活動和表現的影響尚未得到證實。本研究對於那些承諾傳播靈性的生活藝術項目、尋求提升工作表現的專業人士以及旨在通過提升靈性來提高員工生產力的組織具有重要意義。為了準確評估反應，本研究使用路徑分析和迴歸分析。研究結果顯示，定期進行靜坐與提升工作生產力之間存在相關性。靜坐對生產力的益處包括提高覺察、減少壓力和焦慮以及增強靈性。它通過即時解決問題來改善員工的幸福感和效率。
　　本研究還發現，靜坐導致更高的生產力，正念治療可大幅提升工作場所的士氣。目前，尚無專注於探討靈性如何影響個人工作表現的研究。

　　The purpose of this research was to examine how various forms of meditation, perception, and mindfulness could boost efficiency in the workplace. The study examined the incorporation of meditation methods to reduce stress, improve cognitive processes, and increase general well-being. Evidence from both theoretical and practical studies showed that regular meditation practice had many health benefits, including enhanced cognitive capabilities, less stress, and increased productivity on the job. Professionals and decision-makers looking for long-term solutions to boost productivity may have found useful insights in the study's suggestion that meditation might foster a more peaceful and productive workplace.
　　In this model, age acts as a moderator, while stress and work satisfaction play the roles of mediators. Although spirituality may have a beneficial impact on one's happiness and effectiveness at work, it can have the opposite effect on stress levels. Both one's happiness and one's performance at work may be badly impacted by stress. There is a positive correlation between one's level of satisfaction in their job and their level of performance. In addition, stress as well as happiness with one's job acted as a partial mediator of the effect of spirituality. However, previous has focused on individual spirituality and happiness. This influence of the art of life, such as meditation on business activities and performances hast yet to be confirmed. This study has substantial ramifications for programs like art of life that promise to transmit spirituality, for professionals looking to enhance their job performance, and for organizations aiming to boost staff productivity by metrics or courses geared at improving spirituality.
　　In order to make an accurate assessment of the responses, this study used both path analysis and regression analysis. Findings from the research revealed a correlation between regular meditation and increased productivity on the job. The benefits of meditation on productivity include increased awareness, less stress and anxiety, and a stronger sense of spirituality. It improves worker happiness and efficiency by addressing problems as they arise. The research findings suggest a correlation between regular meditation and increased productivity on the job, emphasizing benefits such as heightened awareness, reduced stress and anxiety and enhanced spiritual wellbeing.
　　The research also discovered that meditation led to higher productivity, which further supports the idea that mindfulness treatments may greatly improve morale in the workplace. No study has been done to this point that is solely focused on examining how spirituality affects an individual's performance at work.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I
ABSTRACT II
摘要 IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS V
LIST OF TABLES VIII
LIST OF FIGURES X
CHAPTER ONE 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research background 2
1.2 Research motivation 7
1.3 Research aim and objectives 10
CHAPTER TWO 12
LITERATURE REVIEW 12
2.1 The history and development of mindfulness meditation 12
2.2 Mindfulness exercises 20
2.3 Benefits of meditation 25
2.4. Hypotheses development 40
2.4.1. Role of perception and mindfulness meditation: 40
2.4.2. Work related happiness, stress healing and meditative practices 43
2.4.3 The influence of anxiety, stress, spirituality and work-related happiness on job satisfaction, productivity 53
CHAPTER THREE 57
METHODOLOGY 58
3.1 Research model 58
3.2 Measurement of research construct 59
3.4 Data collection procedure 66
3.5 Descriptive statistical analysis 67
3.6 Reliability and validity measure 71
3.7 Pearson’s correlation and chi-Square-test modelling 73
3.8 The evaluation of the measurement model 75
3.9 The evaluation of the structural model 76
3.10 The evaluation of meditation effect 77
CHAPTER FOUR 78
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 78
4.1 Descriptive statistics 79
4.2 Reliability analysis 86
4.3 Pearson’s coefficient of correlation: 93
Table 4.3 Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation: Practicing Meditation, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality, work related happiness Increasing and Improving Productivity 94
4.4 Evaluation of the structural model 95
4.5 Discussions 112
4.5.1 Practicing meditation → perception & awareness 112
4.5.2 Practicing meditation, perception & awareness → anxiety, stress, spirituality, work-related happiness 112
4.5.3 Practicing meditation, perception & awareness → job satisfaction, productivity, anxiety, stress, spirituality, work- related happiness 113
4.5.4 Meditation Practice 115
4.5.5 Meditation mindfulness 116
4.5.6 Workplace stress 117
CHAPTER FIVE 120
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 120
5.1 Research conclusion 120
5.2 Academic implication 122
5.3 Managerial implications 122
5.4 Research gap 125
5.5 Limitations and future research suggestions 125
REFERENCES 128
APPENDIX I 145
Research Questionnaire 145
Part:1 Personal Information 146
Part2: Research Content 147
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3. 1 Research Construct and measurement items 60
Table 3. 2 Questionnaire Items 62
Table 4.1.1 Frequency of Gender of the respondents 79
Table 4.1.2 Frequency of age of the respondents 79
Table 4.1.3 Frequency of Education page 79
Table 4.1.4 Frequency of Working Experience 79
Table 4.1.5 Descriptive Statistics for Practicing Meditation 80
Table 4.1.6 Descriptive Statistics for Perception 81
Table 4.1.7 Descriptive Statistics for Awareness page 81
Table 4.1.8 Descriptive Statistics for Anxiety 82
Table 4.1.9 Descriptive Statistics for Stress 83
Table 4.1.10 Descriptive Statistics for Stress 83
Table 4.1.11 Descriptive Statistics for Spirituality 84
Table 4.1.12 Descriptive Statistics for job Satisfaction 85
Table 4.1.13 Descriptive Statistics for Increasing/Improving productivity page 85
Table 4.2.1 Reliability Analysis 87
Table 4.2.2 Factor Analysis for Awareness 88
Table 4.2.3 Factor Analysis for Perception 88
Table 4.2.4 Factor Analysis for Practicing Meditation 89
Table 4.2.5 Factor Analysis for Anxiety 90
Table 4.2.6 Factor Analysis for Stress 90
Table 4.2.7 Factor Analysis for work-related happiness 91
Table 4.2.8 Factor Analysis for Spirituality 91
Table 4.2.9 Factor Analysis for Increasing/ improving productivity 92
Table 4.2.10 Factor Analysis for Job Satisfaction 92
Table 4.2.11 Convergent and Discriminant Validity Test 93
Table 4.3 Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation: Practicing Meditation, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality, work related happiness Increasing and Improving Productivity 94
Table 4.4.1 Association between Practicing Meditation and Perception 95
Table 4.4.2 Structural Equation Model of association between practicing meditation and perception 96
Table 4.4.3 Model fit summary 97
Table 4.4.4 Association between Practicing Meditation and Awareness 98
Table 4.4.5 Structural Equation Model of Association between Practicing meditation and Awareness 99
Table 4.4.6 Model fit summary 99
Table 4.4.7 Association between practicing meditation, awareness and perception 100
Table 4.4.8 Structural Equation Model of association between practicing meditation, awareness and perception 102
Table 4.4.9 Model fit summary 103
Table 4.4.10 Association between Practicing meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality and Work related happiness 104
Table 4.4.11 Structural Equation Model of association between Practicing meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality and Work-related happiness 106
Table 4.4.12 Model fit summary 106
Table 4.4.13 Association between Practicing Meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality, Work Related Happiness, Job Satisfaction and Increasing and Improving Productivity 109
Table 4.4.14 Structural Equation Model of association between Practicing meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality, and Work-related happiness Increasing and Improving Productivity 110
Table 4.4.15 Model fit summary 112
Table 4.5.1 Result for the hypothesized model 118
Table 5. 1 Meditation and Workplace Impact 121
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3. 1 The conceptual framework of this study 58
Figure 4. 1 Structural Equation Model of Association between Practicing meditation and Perception 96
Figure 4. 2 Structural Equation Model of Association between Practicing meditation and Awareness 98
Figure 4. 3 Structural Equation Model of Association between Practicing meditation, Awareness and Perception. 101
Figure 4. 4 Structural Equation Model of Association between Practicing Meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality and Work-Related happiness 105
Figure 4. 5 SEM Model for Practicing meditations, Perception, Awareness, Anxiety, Stress, Spirituality, and Work-Related Happiness Increasing and Improving Productivity 110

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