臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目錄
摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究目的 4
1.3 研究範圍與限制 5
1.3.1 研究範圍 5
1.3.2 研究限制 6
1.4 研究方法與架構 7
第二章 文獻回顧 9
2.1 高大中庭建築商場特性 9
2.1.1 高大中庭建築商場建築特性 9
2.1.2 高大中庭建築商場形式 11
2.2 高大中庭建築商場火災特性 12
2.2.1 火場中煙霧危害 12
2.2.2 煙囪效應 15
2.2.3 中性面 17
2.2.4 煙霧流動與蔓延 17
2.3 建築物排煙系統設計 20
2.3.1 建築物自然式排煙系統 20
2.3.2 建築物機械式排煙系統 21
2.3.3 機械式排煙系統拉穿現象 23
2.4 高大中庭建築商場火災案例 26
2.5 文獻探討 28
2.6 數值模擬分析 31
2.6.1 模擬理論模式 31
2.6.2 FDS模擬軟體 32
2.6.3 統御方程式 34
2.6.4 模擬驗證 35
2.7 紋影光學系統 37
第三章 研究方法 39
3.1 紋影光學系統預備實驗設計 39
3.1.1 紋影實驗設備 39
3.1.2 縮小模型製作 44
3.1.3 紋影實驗設置 45
3.1.4 紋影實驗設計案例說明 46
3.2 數值模擬實驗設計 47
3.2.1 數值模擬設計案例說明 47
3.2.2 模型參數設定說明 49
3.3 格點分析配置 53
3.3.1 格點密度 53
3.3.2 格點分析 54
第四章 結果與討論 58
4.1 紋影光學預備實驗分析 58
4.1.1 紋影光學實驗之熱流擴散探討 58
4.2 中庭挑高空間之氣流運動 63
4.2.1 壓力分析 63
4.2.2 熱氣流動分析 70
4.3 中庭挑高空間之排煙效率 77
4.3.1 體積流率分析 77
4.3.2 煙層高度分析 85
4.4 中庭挑高空間之煙霧擴散 93
4.4.1 溫度分布分析 93
4.4.2 能見度分析 108
第五章 結論與建議 123
5.1 研究結論 123
5.2 後續研究建議 125
參考文獻 126

[1]Hung, W. and W. K. Chow (2001). "A review on architectural aspects of atrium buildings." Architectural Science Review 44(3): 285-295.
[2]圖1-1(a)：一窗一世界：百貨店中的聖誕櫥窗大趴. (2017). 壹讀. https://read01.com/3GQG5JP.html#.Y5_Q53ZBxEY
[3]圖1-1(b)：統計年報「建築管理」109 年. (2020). 內政部營建署. https://blog.xuite.net/mag016/twblog/119545236
[4]建築技術規則建築設計施工編. (2021). 全國法規資料庫. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0070115
[5]建築管理. (2020). 內政部統計處. https://www.cpami.gov.tw/filesys/file/EMMA/06-109.pdf
[6]Net Zero by 2050. (2021). International Energy Agency. https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
[7]臺灣2050 淨零排放路徑. (2022). 國家發展委員會. https://www.ndc.gov.tw/Content_List.aspx?n=FD76ECBAE77D9811&upn=5CE3D7B70507FB38.
[8]Height of the World’s Tallest Skyscrapers as of May 2024. (2024). Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/264732/height-of-the-tallest-skyscrapers-in-the-world/
[9]Alarifi, A., et al. (2016). "What kills people in a fire? heat or smoke?" 9th SSC Proceedings.
[10]Schumacher, P. (2021).垂直都市主義：高層高密度／Zaha Hadid Architects. FAM建築. https://forgemind.net/media/patrik-schumacher
[11]李岱翰. (2022). 以數值模擬法分析商場火災 不同射水區域對降溫效果之差異 國立高雄科技大學. 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. 高雄市. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/8768d9
[12]圖2-2：統一夢時代購物中心. (2013). 維基百科. https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%A2%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E8%B3%BC%E7%89%A9%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83
[13]建築技術規則總則編. (2020). 全國法規資料庫. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0070114
[14]NFPA. (2018).Technical Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Halls, Atria, and Large Areas(NFPA 92B). Quincy, MA.
[15]林明旦. (2019). 高層建築物避難弱者電梯避難安全分析之研究 -以使用輪椅輔助為例 國立交通大學]. 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. 新竹市. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/7jn759
[16]Gross, D., et al. (1967). Method for measuring smoke from burning materials. Symposium on Fire Test Methods—Restraint & Smoke 1966, ASTM International.
[17]楊冠雄. (2022).大空間建築火災性能式煙控系統設計與應用手冊第二版，內政部建築研究所。
[18]Association, N.F.P.,NFPA 130: Standard for Fixed Guideway Transit and Passenger Rail Systems.
[19]Association, S.O.F.P., SFPE: Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 5th edition, 2016.
[20]鍾基強. (1999). 地下建築物煙控策略與設計分析研究. 內政部建築研究所. https://www.abri.gov.tw/News_Content_Table.aspx?n=807&s=37506
[21]Li, Y., et al. (2000). "Prediction of natural ventilation in buildings with large openings." Building and Environment 35(3): 191-206.
[22]Stack Effect. Fine Homebuilding. https://www.finehomebuilding.com/pdf/021213016.pdf
[23]林冠瑋. (2023). 以數值模擬分析U型公路隧道火災煙霧擴散受坡度之影響 國立高雄科技大學. 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. 高雄市. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/83jpwd
[24]Zhang, J., Lu, W., Huo, R., & Feng, R. (2008). A new model for determining neutral-plane position in shaft space of a building under fire situation. Building and Environment, 43(6), 1101-1108.
[25]Su, C.-H., et al. (2011). "Stack effect of smoke for an old-style apartment in Taiwan." Building and Environment 46(12): 2425-2433.
[26]Zhao, G., et al. (2017). "Study of FDS simulations of buoyant fire-induced smoke movement in a high-rise building stairwell." Fire Safety Journal 91: 276-283.
[27]Alpert, R. L. (2016). Ceiling jet flows. SFPE handbook of fire protection engineering, 429-454.
[28]劉文欽, & 黎益肇. (2011). 熱浮力效應對建築物室內通風影響之研究. 內政部全球資訊網. https://www.abri.gov.tw/News_Content_Table.aspx?n=807&s=38931
[29]各類場所消防安全設備設置標準. (2021). 全國法規資訊網. https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0120029
[30]Liu, C., et al. (2021). "Experimental study of the effects of ullage height on fire plume centerline temperature with a new virtual origin model." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 146: 961-967.
[31]Chow, W. K. (2012). "Fire Safety Technology Related to Building Design and Construction." International Journal of Integrated Engineering 4(4).
[32]Barsim, M. M., et al. (2020). "Numerical simulation of an experimental atrium fires in combined natural and forced ventilation by CFD." International Journal of Ventilation 19(1): 1-24.
[33]Su, C. and C. Yao (2016). "Performance measurement of a smoke extraction system for buildings in full-scale hot smoke test." Measurement 93: 340-350.
[34]建築基準法施行令（昭和二十五年政令第三百三十八号）. (2020). E-Gov法令検索. https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=325CO0000000338_20240401_505CO0000000324
[35]Lougheed, G. D. and G. V. Hadjisophocleous (2001). "The smoke hazard from a fire in high spaces." ASHRAE Transactions 107(1): 720-729.
[36]Ivanov, M. L., et al. (2021). "Sustainable smoke extraction system for atrium: A numerical study." Sustainability 13(13): 7406.
[37]L’Innovation Department Store Fire. (1967). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Innovation_department_store_fire.
[38]Daeyeonggak Hotel Fire. (1971). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeyeonggak_Hotel_fire
[39]千日百貨店火災. (1972). Wikipedia. https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%8D%83%E6%97%A5%E7%99%BE%E8%B2%A8%E5%BA%97%E7%81%AB%E7%81%BD
[40]Woolworths Fire, Manchester | 8th May 1979. (1979). FIRE BRIGADES UNION. https://www.fbu.org.uk/history/woolworths-fire-manchester
[41]陳汝昌, & 黃文成. (2013). 大型商場火災災例要因分析與危險評估. 法源法律網. https://www.lawbank.com.tw/treatise/pl_article.aspx?AID=P000221408
[42]陳玠佑, & 黃文成. (2010). 大型商場防火避難安全評估指標探討. 內政部建築研究所. https://www.abri.gov.tw/News_Content_Table.aspx?n=807&s=38768
[43]Plasco Building. (2017). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasco_Building
[44]Fire at Trump Tower Leaves Man Dead and 6 Firefighters Injured. (2018). CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2018/04/07/us/trump-tower-fire/index.html
[45]Centaurus Mall Fire: Large Blaze at Islamabad Mall Put Out. (2022). BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-63191723
[46]Bangladesh Fire: At Least 43 People Dead in Shopping Mall Blaze. (2024). Skynews. https://news.sky.com/story/bangladesh-fire-at-least-43-people-dead-in-shopping-mall-blaze-13084130
[47]Shen, T.-S., et al. (2008). "Using fire dynamic simulation (FDS) to reconstruct an arson fire scene." Building and Environment 43(6): 1036-1045.
[48]Al-Waked, R., et al. (2021). "Natural ventilation of residential building Atrium under fire scenario." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 26: 101041.
[49]Chow, W. K. and J. Li (2011). "On the bidirectional flow across an atrium ceiling vent." Building and Environment 46(12): 2598-2602.
[50]Doheim, R. M., et al. (2014). "The impact of atrium shape on natural smoke ventilation." Fire Safety Journal 63: 9-16.
[51]Tilley, N., et al. (2011). "Verification of the accuracy of CFD simulations in small-scale tunnel and atrium fire configurations." Fire Safety Journal 46(4): 186-193.
[52]Lei, W., et al. (2022). "Study on fire smoke control in evacuation passageways on the top floor of an atrium involving breathing zones combined with underfloor makeup air supplementation." Safety Science 153: 105807.
[53]Abotaleb, H. A. (2018). "Numerical study on smoke exhaust system in a mall with mechanical make-up techniques." Alexandria Engineering Journal 57(4): 2961-2974.
[54]McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., McDermott, R., Floyd, J., Weinschenk, C., & Overholt, K. (2013). Fire dynamics simulator user’s guide. NIST special publication, 1019(6), 1-339.
[55]Forney, G. P. (2015). Smokeview, A Tool for Visualizing Fire Dynamics Simulation Data, Volume I: User’s Guide. NIST special publication, 1017-1011.
[56]蔡綽方, & 蔡匡忠. (2015). 建築物火災模擬工具應用參考指南之研究. 內政部建築研究所. https://www.abri.gov.tw/News_Content_Table.aspx?n=807&s=39232
[57]Settles, G. and G. Settles (2001). "Shadowgraph techniques." Schlieren and Shadowgraph Techniques: Visualizing Phenomena in Transparent Media: 143-163.
[58]Su, C.-H., et al. (2013). Application of Schlieren Photography to Study Neutral Plane in a Compartment Fire With Scale Models. Heat Transfer Summer Conference, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
[59]陳理鵬. (2021). 老人長照機構室內通風環境與煙霧擴散之競合分析 國立高雄科技大學]. 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. 高雄市. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/dup888
[60]Martínez-González, A., et al. (2012). "Temperature and velocity measurement fields of fluids using a schlieren system." Applied Optics 51(16): 3519-3525.
[61]Martínez-González, A., et al. (2018). "Temperature measurement of fluid flows by using a focusing schlieren method." Sensors 19(1): 12.
[62]Mercier, G. and Y. Jaluria (1999). "Fire-induced flow of smoke and hot gases in open vertical enclosures." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 19(2): 77-84.
[63]謝蕙如. (2006). 地下通道煙流現象之縮小模型實驗探討 國立高雄第一科技大學]. 臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統. 高雄市. https://hdl.handle.net/11296/e8cs73
[64]Hopkin, C., et al. (2019). "A review of design values adopted for heat release rate per unit area." Fire Technology 55(5): 1599-1618.