臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究提出了一種基於區塊鏈的智能合約可撤銷式競標機制，旨在提高碳排放分配的透明度、效率和安全性，同時解決當前交易平台的不一致問題。電子拍賣提高了競標的交易效率、競標者隱私保護、交易公平可驗證、資料安全以及第三方拍賣中心高成本的擔憂引起更多關注。我們所提出的機制利用區塊鏈和智能合約，實現了拍賣過程的自動化和去中心化管理，確保交易過程的透明性和可追溯性，減少對中介機構的依賴。根據歐盟執委會授權規則，本研究為適用碳排放交易改進密封競標的拍賣流程。此外，引入加密承諾隱藏了競標者的實際出價，確保了競標的隱私和可驗證性。本研究新增了撤銷功能使得機制更靈活，為碳排放交易領域的區塊鏈應用提供了新思路和方法，對環境保護和可持續發展具有實際的參考價值。

The research proposes a blockchain-based smart contract with a revocable bidding scheme to enhance gas emissions'' transparency, efficiency, and security while addressing the inconsistencies in current trading platforms. The efficiency of electronic auctions, along with concerns about bidder privacy protection, verifiable fairness, data security, and high costs of third-party auction centers, has garnered increased attention. The proposed scheme utilizes blockchain technology and smart contracts to automate the auction process and implement decentralized management, ensuring the transparency and traceability of transactions while reducing reliance on intermediaries. According to the European Union Commission Regulation No.1031/2010, the research improves the sealed bid auction process for gas emission trading. Additionally, this research introduces encrypted commitments to hide bidders'' actual bid amounts, ensuring bid privacy and verifiability. The research also adds a revocation feature, making the scheme more flexible. Overall, the research offers new insights and methods for applying blockchain to gas emissions, providing practical value for environmental protection and sustainable development.

論文審定書 ii
Acknowledgments v
摘要 vi
Abstract vii
Table of Figures x
Table of Tables xii
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.2 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Chapter 2 Related Works 6
2.1 Electronic Auction Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Energy Trading Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Chapter 3 Preliminaries 11
3.1 Electronic Auction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 Blockchain Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 Ethereum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.4 Smart Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.1 Remix Integrated Development Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.5 European Union Emission Trading Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.6 Pedersen Commitment Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Chapter 4 The Proposed Scheme 20
4.1 Entities Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
4.2 Scheme Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.1 The Deployment Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2.2 The Registration Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.2.3 The Bid Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4.2.4 The Reveal Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4.2.5 The Finish Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Chapter 5 Security Analysis 33
5.1 Threat Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.1.1 Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.1.2 Man-in-the-Middle Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5.1.3 Auction Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.1.4 Privacy Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.1.5 Double-Spending Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5.2 Security Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2.1 Against Distributed Denial-of-Service Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2.2 Against Man-in-the-Middle Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2.3 Against Bidding Chaos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
5.2.4 Against Privacy Leakage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
5.2.5 Against Double-Spending Attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Chapter 6 Performance Evaluation 38
6.1 Transaction Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
6.2 Transaction Cost Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
6.3 Comparative Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Chapter 7 Conclusions 46
Bibliography 48

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