臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

汽車產業是世界五大產業的其中之一，除了影響整個全球的經濟，也涉及到社會上的發展。其中，全球汽車行業其中一個主要的業務爲汽車保養，目的在於延長汽車壽命而提高人們的生活素質，因此與汽車產業有著密不可分的關係。隨着汽車的使用年限越來越長，加上香港本地從事汽車維修相關行業的從業員短缺，為了提高汽車保養服務體系的效率，以及配合香港人流動性高的生活節奏，從2015年開始逐漸建立自動化的汽車保養廠取代人工化，開拓更大汽車保養服務產業運作的同時，減少了人力需求和節省時間。然而，該模式的擴展必會影響環境，其為需要解決的重要議題，因此需要對該行業所帶來的環境影響進行評估。
本研究利用生命週期評估關注汽車保養業全球暖化潛勢（GWP）和生態系統的間接足跡，示範場域位於香港的某個大型汽車保養廠。另使用Sentinel 2 MSI+衛星圖像配合遙感探測技術分析大型汽車保養廠的直接足跡，即常態化差異植生指標，並以實驗區和對照區的對比分析，探討出研究範圍的運作影響植被覆蓋面積之損失度，以及計算植物單位面積碳儲量評估吸收該工廠服務時所直接釋放二氧化碳的強度。
研究結果顯示，該場域使用化石燃料進行高壓發電，可從GWP的數據預估二氧化碳排放量較高，相當於每天要負擔一部普通小型車的重量，並從實驗區與對照區所計算植被覆蓋面積之損失度結果，推斷出生態系統的損害是與人類活動相關（該工廠服務的運作）之可能性，以及研究範圍附近的植物不能完全負擔全部該工廠所直接釋放的二氧化碳，導致提高人類健康的損害。
最後透過以上各項數據的綜合分析給予結論與建議，期望未來以情景分析的方式為整套汽車保養服務業建立可適用之減碳方案，並對研究範圍附近的林地進行碳抵消評估和生物多樣性等相關性研究，幫助管理與規劃該附近土地的政策，為業界、政府及利害關係人，在任何工廠營運時作為環境評鑒之參考。

The automotive industry is one of the world's five major industries, significantly impacting the global economy and societal development. Within this sector, the automobile maintenance industry plays a crucial role, aiming to extend the lifespan of vehicles and improve people's quality of life. Consequently, it is closely linked to the overall automotive industry. In Hong Kong, the increasing lifespan of automobiles and the shortage of local practitioners in the automotive maintenance industry have highlighted the need for greater efficiency in the maintenance service system. To address this, automated automotive maintenance factories have gradually been established since 2015, replacing manual labor. This shift aims to enhance service efficiency, cater to the high mobility of Hong Kong residents, expand the automotive maintenance service industry, reduce manpower needs, and save time. However, the expansion of this model poses environmental challenges that need to be addressed, necessitating an assessment of the environmental impacts of this industry.
This study utilizes life cycle assessment (LCA) to focus on the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and ecosystems of the automotive maintenance industry. The demonstration site is located at an automotive maintenance facility in Hong Kong. Sentinel 2 MSI+ satellite imagery with remote sensing technology was used to analyze the direct footprint of a large-scale automotive maintenance plant. The study employed the Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and conducted a comparative analysis between experimental and control areas to investigate the impact of plant operations on the loss of vegetation area. Additionally, the carbon stock of plants per unit area was calculated to assess their CO2 absorption capacity during their service life. The study found that the facility uses fossil fuels for high-pressure electricity generation, leading to high CO2 emissions equivalent to the weight of an average small car per day, as indicated by the GWP data. Analysis of vegetation health and loss in both the experimental and control areas suggested that ecosystem damage is linked to human activities (i.e., plant operations). The plants near the study area were unable to fully absorb the CO2 emissions from the plant, leading to increased human health risks.
In conclusion, the study offers comprehensive data analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. It proposes establishing applicable carbon reduction strategies for the automotive maintenance industry through scenario analysis and conducting studies on carbon offsetting and biodiversity. These findings aim to inform the planning and management of forest land policies near the study area and serve as a reference for industry stakeholders, the government, and others in assessing the environmental impacts of factory operations.

目錄
摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 2
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 汽車保養業 6
2.1.1汽車保養業的定義及業務範圍 6
2.1.2汽車保養業發展之重要性 7
2.1.3汽車保養業常見的環境污染及相關問題 9
2.2 生命週期評估 11
2.3 碳排放之介紹 14
2.4 遙測資料的應用 16
2.5 LCA配合遙測量化環境衝擊影響相關研究 17
第三章 研究方法 21
3.1 研究流程 21
3.2 研究目標之生命週期評估 23
3.2.1研究目標 23
3.2.2範疇邊界設定 23
3.2.3盤查項目 24
3.2.4環境衝擊評估方法 26
3.3 碳排放評估方法 30
3.4 情境假設 31
3.5 衛星遙測資料 32
3.5.1 Sentinel 2 32
3.5.2 衛星資料的篩選 34
3.5.3 實驗區與對照區的選定 34
3.5.4 常態化差異植生指標 36
3.5.5 碳儲量評估方法 37
3.6 數據彙整 38
3.7 研究限制及假設 39
第四章 結果與討論 41
4.1 環境衝擊計算結果 41
4.1.1 汽車保養服務之環境衝擊 41
4.2 碳排放計算結果 45
4.3 情境假設結果 47
4.4 遙測數據相關性分析整理 48
4.4.1 實驗區相關性分析 48
4.4.2 對照區相關性分析 49
4.4.3 碳儲量計算結果 50
4.5 討論 51
4.5.1 環境衝擊計算結果討論 51
4.5.2 碳排放計算結果討論 52
4.5.4 情境假設結果討論 52
4.5.4 遙測數據資料整理討論 53
4.5.5 小結 53
第五章 結論與建議 55
5.1 結論 55
5.2 建議 57
參考文獻 58
附錄 68
A. 附錄A本研究實驗區之情況 69
B. 附錄B本研究對照區之情況 72
C. 附錄C本研究實驗區每個位置NDVI土地分類數值 75
D. 附錄D本研究對照區每個位置NDVI土地分類數值 84

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