臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討傳統柴油引擎在進氣歧管上架設汽油噴嘴，噴入輔助燃料對柴油引擎性能及排污之變化。可程式3D供油電腦提供訊號給汽油噴嘴，將輔助燃料設定不同的噴油區間來輔助柴油燃燒，使得傳統柴油引擎進氣時噴入燃料，能使空氣及輔助燃料均質的吸入。

本研究的實驗載具為YAMAHA ME200F直噴式三缸柴油引擎，選用兩種汽油濃度來輔助柴油燃燒。本實驗之汽油濃度依據汽油噴嘴單次噴油區間設定，分別為2ms和4ms。本次實驗針對引擎的性能及排放進行實驗數據的量測，其中包含引擎的扭力、功率、CO、HC、CO2、O2、NO及黑煙，先以柴油單一燃料所測得之數據作為基準的比較值(Baseline)，並對其他兩種岐管噴油區間輔助燃燒進行比對分析。

本次研究通過四種轉速(rpm=1500、1800、2100、2400)，並使用一般柴油在不同的當量比(Φd =0.2、0.25、0.3)之柴油流量為實驗的依據，來假設引擎處於低、中、高負載的情況。實驗可略分為三種，第一種為單純使用柴油進行燃燒，第二種為使用雙燃料歧管噴射，汽油於進氣歧管噴油區間設定2ms，第三種為使用雙燃料歧管噴射，汽油於進氣歧管噴油區間設定4ms，藉此來比對實驗的差異性。

本次研究結果發現雙燃料歧管噴射汽油對於扭力、功率、熱效率都有上升的情形，由於汽油較易燃燒，這增加了柴油引擎的燃燒效率，並減少點火延遲。進氣歧管噴油區間設定為2ms時扭力和功率提升了60%，熱效率提升了37%；設定為4ms時扭力和功率提升了106%，熱效率提升了49%。整體來說，變化是往好的方向發展。

在引擎廢氣排放方面，雙燃料歧管噴射汽油對於O2、CO2(g/kwh)排放有些微的下降，這是因為燃燒效率的相對提升；NO(g/kwh)排放也有所降低，因為點火延遲的縮短以及汽油降低了汽缸內的溫度。不過，噴入汽油後也造成燃燒不完全，導致廢氣中CO、HC及黑煙的排放增加。

關鍵字: 柴油引擎、雙燃料、歧管噴射、ECU

This study investigates changes in performance and emissions of a traditional diesel engine with a gasoline injector in the intake manifold injecting auxiliary fuel. A replaceable 3D programmable fuel injection computer signals the gasoline injector, setting different injection intervals to assist diesel combustion. This allows the diesel engine to achieve homogeneous mixing of air and auxiliary fuel during intake.

The experimental vehicle for this study is a YAMAHA ME200F direct injection three-cylinder diesel engine, using two different gasoline concentrations to assist diesel combustion. The gasoline concentrations are determined by the single injection interval of the gasoline injector, set at 2ms and 4ms, respectively. This experiment measures engine performance and emissions, including torque, power, CO,HC,CO2,O2,NO, and black smoke, using baseline data obtained from diesel-only combustion for comparison and analysis with the two intake manifold injection intervals for auxiliary combustion.

This study examines four engine speeds (rpm = 1500, 1800, 2100, 2400) and uses general diesel at different equivalence ratios (Φd = 0.2, 0.25, 0.3) to simulate low, medium, and high load conditions. The experiments can be categorized into three types: pure diesel combustion, dual-fuel manifold injection with a gasoline injection interval of 2ms, and dual-fuel manifold injection with a gasoline injection interval of 4ms, to compare the differences in the experiments.

The results of this study show that dual-fuel manifold injection of gasoline increases torque, power, and thermal efficiency. Since gasoline is easier to ignite, it improves the combustion efficiency of the diesel engine and reduces ignition delay. With a gasoline injection interval of 2ms, torque and power increased by 60%, and thermal efficiency increased by 37%; with a 4ms interval, torque and power increased by 106%, and thermal efficiency increased by 49%. Overall, these changes are positive.

In terms of engine emissions, dual-fuel manifold injection of gasoline slightly decreased O2and CO2 (g/kWh) emissions due to improved combustion efficiency. NO (g/kWh) emissions also decreased because of the reduced ignition delay and the lower cylinder temperature caused by gasoline. However, the injection of gasoline also led to incomplete combustion, resulting in increased emissions of CO, HC, and black smoke.

Keywords: Diesel engine, dual-fuel, manifold injection, ECU

目錄
摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
符號說明 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2研究動機及目的 2
第二章 研究背景 3
2-1文獻回顧 3
第三章 研究設備與方法 6
3-1實驗設備總瀏覽 6
3-1-1柴油引擎 7
3-1-2渦電流動力計 8
3-1-3流量計控制器 9
3-1-4廢氣分析儀 10
3-1-5光學式煙度試驗器 12
3-2歧管噴射系統介紹 13
3-2-1取代式3D可程式供油電腦 14
3-2-2岐管噴油嘴 15
3-2-3曲軸位置感知器 15
3-2-4進氣歧管 16
3-3實驗選用燃料 17
3-3-1超級柴油(Super Diesel) 17
3-3-2 95無鉛汽油（95 Unleaded Gasoline） 17
3-4實驗方法 18
3-4-1汽油噴油量量測 18
3-4-2柴油當量比計算 19
3-5數據測試 21
3-5-1柴油引擎基本性能及污染之測定 21
3-5-2柴油引擎進氣岐管噴射2ms汽油之測定 21
3-5-3柴油引擎進氣岐管噴射4ms汽油之測定 21
3-6數據演算 22
3-6-1標準差 22
3-6-2變化率 22
3-6-3熱值 22
3-6-4功率 23
3-6-5熱效率 23
3-6-6 BSFC 23
第四章 研究結果與分析 24
4-1柴油引擎基本性能及廢氣汙染排放之測定 25
4-1-1柴油引擎Baseline扭力之測定 25
4-1-2柴油引擎Baseline之功率 26
4-1-3柴油引擎Baseline之BSFC 26
4-1-4柴油引擎Baseline之燃料熱能 27
4-1-5柴油引擎Baseline之熱效率 27
4-1-6柴油引擎Baseline CO排放之測定 28
4-1-7柴油引擎Baseline HC排放之測定 29
4-1-8柴油引擎Baseline CO2排放之測定 30
4-1-9柴油引擎Baseline O2排放之測定 31
4-1-10柴油引擎Baseline NO排放之測定 32
4-1-11柴油引擎Baseline黑煙排放之測定 33
4-2進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎性能及廢氣汙染排放之測定 34
4-2-1進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎扭力之影響 34
4-2-2進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎功率之影響 35
4-2-3進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎BSFC之影響 36
4-2-4進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎燃料熱能之影響 37
4-2-5進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對引擎熱效率之影響 38
4-2-6進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對CO排放之影響 39
4-2-7進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對HC排放之影響 41
4-2-8進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對CO2排放之影響 43
4-2-9進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對O2排放之影響 45
4-2-10進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對NO排放之影響 47
4-2-11進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間2ms)對黑煙排放之影響 49
4-3進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎性能及廢氣汙染排放之測定 50
4-3-1進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎扭力之影響 50
4-3-2進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎功率之影響 51
4-3-3進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎BSFC之影響 52
4-3-4進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎燃料熱能之影響 53
4-3-5進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對引擎熱效率之影響 54
4-3-6進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對CO排放之影響 55
4-3-7進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對HC排放之影響 57
4-3-8進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對CO2排放之影響 59
4-3-9進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對O2排放之影響 61
4-3-10進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對NO排放之影響 63
4-3-11進氣歧管噴射汽油輔助燃燒(噴油區間4ms)對黑煙排放之影響 65
第五章 結論與未來展望 66
5-1結論 66
5-2建議與未來展望 70
參考文獻 71

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