臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研製之裂縫感測器利用微帶貼片天線搭配單截線負載之設計作為裂縫感測器的重要組件，並再設計接收天線作為一個無線通訊系統，接收訊號後藉由頻譜分析儀分析，觀察在裂縫增長時導致頻率上的偏移量，相對推測裂縫的大小。
論文中呈現出設計三種不同敏感度的裂縫偵測器，不同負載單截線的長度，會影響偵測裂縫上的敏感度(頻率偏移的曲線)。以下為三種裂縫偵測器中負載單截線的長度(以訊號波長的倍數觀察): 0.2λ、0.22λ、0.24λ。感測器設計的工作頻率為4GHz，無線感測器能夠識別到2mm最大裂縫擴展，諧振頻率往下偏移110MHz，此外，可以透過感測器工作頻率範圍簡單地得到裂縫最大擴展和最精細增量。

The crack sensor developed in this paper uses a microstrip patch antenna with a single stub load design as an important component of the crack sensor, and then designs the receiving antenna as a wireless communication system. After receiving the signal, it uses a spectrum analyzer analysis, observing the shift in frequency caused by crack growth, relative to inferring the size of the crack.
The paper presents the design of three crack detectors with different sensitivities. Different single stub load length will affect the sensitivity of the detected cracks (curves shifted in frequency). The length of the single stub load in the three crack detectors (observed in multiples of the signal wavelength) are 0.2λ, 0.22λ and 0.24λ. The sensor operating frequency is designed at 4GHz. The wireless sensor can identify the maximum crack expansion up to 2mm with the resonant frequency shifted down by 110MHz. In addition, the maximum expansion and the finest increment can be simply specified through the sensor operating frequency range.

目 錄

書名頁 i
論文口試委員審定書 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
誌謝 vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xi
第一章緒論 1
1.1研究動機與目的 1
1.2文獻回顧與論文述 2
第二章裂縫感測器設計所需結構原理 4
2.1微帶線 4
2.2微帶天線 6
2.3阻抗匹配 13
第三章無線裂縫偵測器模擬分析 21
3.1無線裂縫偵測器框架 21
3.2裂縫偵測組件模擬 22
3.3無線偵測模擬 26
第四章 無線裂縫偵測器實作測量 31
4.1無線裂縫偵測器系統實驗裝置 31
4.2裂縫偵測組件實際測量 34
4.3 Arduino與LCD顯示 39
第五章 結論 41
參考文獻 42
附錄:程式碼編寫 46







圖 目 錄

圖1.1.1 用於混凝土裂縫監測的裝有機械可延伸短截線的貼片天線的配置：裂縫擴展之前和裂縫擴展之後 3
圖2.1.1 微帶線結構圖 4
圖2.2.1 矩形微帶貼片天線結構圖 6
圖2.2.2 矩形貼片結構圖 8
圖2.2.3 微帶天線等效傳輸線電路圖 9
圖2.2.4 矩形微帶元件和相關輻射的側視圖 11
圖2.2.5 微帶天線輻射場(a)E-Plane (b)H-Plane 12
圖2.3.1 傳輸線模型，訊號從z=- 傳遞到z=0 13
圖2.3.2 使用單短截線阻抗匹配的微帶傳輸線示意圖 14
圖2.3.3 並聯短截線電路圖 15
圖2.3.4 串聯短截線電路圖 15
圖2.3.5 終端短路截線之電氣長度與輸入阻抗曲線 16
圖2.3.6 終端開路截線之電氣長度與輸入阻抗曲線 17
圖2.3.7 單電抗與串聯電抗匹配之等效電路圖 18
圖2.3.8 單電抗與並聯電抗匹配之等效電路圖 19
圖2.3.9 單短截線匹配等效電路 20
圖3.1.1 無線裂紋監測系統示意圖 22
圖3.2.1 無線感測器的配置和尺寸 23
圖3.2.2 短截線載入貼片在不同短截線長度延伸下反射係數的變化(a) 0.2 (b) 0.22 (c) 0.24 24
圖3.3.1 發射端與接收端配置的示意圖 26
圖3.3.2 感測器在不同短截線長度延伸下傳輸係數的變化(a) 0.2
(b) 0.22 (c) 0.24 27
圖3.3.3 短截線的接收訊號的峰值頻率位置和強度，0.2 （紅
色）、0.22 （綠色）和0.24 （藍色） 28
圖3.3.4 當短截線的電長度為0.2 （藍色）、0.22 （橘色）和0.24 （綠色）時，在不同短截線長度延伸下模擬感測訊號的下移 29
圖3.3.5 無線感測器在(a) XZ平面和(b)YZ平面（均以dB為單位）的無擴展（左列）和2 mm擴展（右列）的標準化共極化輻射方向圖 29
圖4.1.1 用於演示無線裂紋監測系統有效性的實驗裝置 32
圖4.1.2 電池板控制器 32
圖4.1.3 雜訊源之頻譜 32
圖4.1.4 裝有機械可延伸短截線的貼片天線的配置 33
圖4.1.5 發射端機械結構與平台 33
圖4.1.6 接收端平台 34
圖4.2.1 在不同短截線長度延伸下測得的感測器配置所量測到的
輸入反射係數的變化(a) 0.2 (b) 0.22 (c) 0.24
35
圖4.2.2 具有不同短截線長度延伸的感測器在接收天線處測得的 傳輸係數的變化(a) 0.2 (b) 0.22 (c) 0.24 37
圖4.2.3 實測在不同短截線長度延伸處測得的感測訊號頻率下移，短截線的電長度:0.2 （藍色）、0.22 （橘色）和0.24 （綠色） 39
圖4.3.1 接收到的感測訊號的樣本頻譜 40
圖4.3.2 LCD屏幕顯示 40























表 目 錄

表2.1 微帶線設計參數 6
表2.2 微帶貼片天線設計參數 10
表2.3 短截線設計樣本數據 20
表3.1 短截線配置尺寸 23

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