臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文研發小型鼓風機馬達，應用於商用車輛空調系統，針對低轉速以及高轉速的操作條件下所需的特性，進行研究與特性分析，一開始先使用有限元素軟體FLUX MOTOR進行馬達的幾何建模與初步分析，再將模型匯入至有限元素軟體FLUX2D進行網格分析、電路設定，並針對轉矩漣波、反電動勢、效率以及線電壓進行探討分析，本論文以商用車輛空調鼓風機f馬達作為研究的基礎，並比較不同的馬達槽極比特性，並選用8極12槽馬達進行後續分析，先藉由靈敏度分析找出影響重要的因子:槽開口、氣隙、磁石厚度、磁石展開角度、匝數、線徑，並配合田口法優化得到一最佳參數組合，將馬達與對照組馬達實測結果顯示，在輸入電流1.35A、2678.5 rpm時，優化後的馬達效率從67 % 提升至82% ，一共增加了22.5%，而在相同線電壓21V，相同負載條件下比較，轉速可從2678 rpm提升至3178 rpm，轉速增加了500 rpm，且效率從67 % 提升至74.1 % ，一共增加了10.6 %，轉矩漣波則是從114 % 降低至22.2 % ，一共減少了80.5%，而將優化馬達進行實作後量測，馬達裝上負載片的轉速可達到3024 rpm，根據實測證明了該馬達的效率有所提升且具備低轉矩漣波、低頓轉轉矩的特點。

This thesis focuses on developing a small blower motor for commercial vehicle air conditioning systems, examining its characteristics under both low and high-speed operating conditions. Initially, the motor's geometric modeling and preliminary analysis were conducted using FLUX MOTOR software. The model was then imported into FLUX2D for mesh analysis and circuit configuration. Analysis covered torque ripple, back electromotive force, efficiency, and line voltage. The study compares different slot-pole ratios and selects an 8-pole 12-slot motor for further analysis. Sensitivity analysis identified critical factors: slot opening, air gap, magnet thickness, magnet opening angle, turns, and wire diameter, optimized using the Taguchi method.

Comparative testing between the optimized and control motors demonstrated significant improvements. At 1.35A and 2678.5 rpm, the optimized motor's efficiency increased from 67% to 82%, a 22.5% improvement. Under 21V and the same load, speed increased from 2678 rpm to 3178 rpm (500 rpm increase), with efficiency rising from 67% to 74.1%, a 10.6% increase. Torque ripple decreased from 114% to 22.2%, an 80.5% reduction. Practical testing of the optimized motor achieved 3024 rpm with a load plate installed, confirming enhanced efficiency and characteristics of low torque ripple and cogging torque.

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vii
表目錄 x
符號說明 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 4
1.3 文獻回顧 5
1.3.1 馬達設計 5
1.3.2 田口法優化設計分析 7
1.4 研究目的 9
1.5 論文架構 9
第二章 馬達設計原理與有限元素分析軟體 11
2.1 材料選擇 11
2.1.1 永久磁石 11
2.1.2 矽鋼片 12
2.2 直流無刷馬達原理 14
2.2.1 直流無刷馬達數學方程式 14
2.2.2 反電動勢 18
2.2.3 頓轉轉矩 20
2.2.4 轉矩漣波 21
2.2.5 效率 21
2.2.6 繞線設計 22
2.2.7 電流密度 23
2.3 靈敏度分析 24
2.4 田口法 24
2.4.1 直交表 24
2.4.2 信號雜訊比 26
2.4.3 變異數分析 28
2.5 馬達設計與分析軟體 30
2.5.1 FLUXMOTOR 31
2.5.2 FLUX2D 31
第三章 馬達模擬與實驗分析 32
3.1 實驗馬達 32
3.2 FLUXMOTOR馬達設計與模擬分析 33
3.3 FLUX2D馬達設計與模擬分析 36
3.3.1 軟體設定 36
3.3.2 電路設定 39
3.4 實驗與模擬分析結果討論 43
3.4.1 測試系統之負載扭力估測 43
3.4.2 負載測試與反電動勢測試 45
3.4.3 磁場分佈檢測實驗 49
3.5 馬達不同槽極比設計比較 51
3.5.1 不同槽極比模擬比較 52
3.5.2 馬達繞線方法 53
3.6 實驗馬達設計方法 54
3.6.1 4極12槽集中繞組裝 59
第四章 直流無刷馬達優化設計 61
4.1 靈敏度分析 65
4.2 田口法優化設計 73
4.2.1 水準設置 74
4.2.2 優化分析結果 75
4.2.3 結果與討論 87
4.2.4 磁鐵體積 92
第五章 實驗結果與討論 93
5.1 定子 93
5.1.1 絕緣蓋 93
5.1.2 繞線 96
5.2 轉子 98
5.2.1 磁鐵安裝 98
5.3 實作測試 100
5.3.1 反電動勢波型比較 100
5.3.2 負載測試 101
第六章 結論與未來展望 102
6.1 結論 102
6.2 未來展望 103
參考文獻 104

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