臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究以Krugman為主軸的新經濟地理模型，加上Harris and Todaro的傳統失業模型和Corden and Findlay的文獻討論資本擴張對失業率的影響。本文發現資本引進存在失業的國家中，並不會產生失業率節節高升的現象，反而創造更多就業機會。除了探討資本擴張現象之外，也討論新經濟地理模型中重要的三個參數所帶來的影響:1.製造業支出占所得比例、2.製造品間的替代彈性、3.運輸成本也是所謂的貿易障礙，扮演相當重要的角色。此外，Corden and Findlay矛盾現象在本文中不再復見，因本文改變了製造業的生產函數結構，使得製造業最低工資調高後，產生與Corden and Findlay矛盾不同效果。詳言之，並發現存在失業的國家調高製造業最低工資促使其製造業萎縮，而其貿易夥伴製造業擴張，導致產業聚集的現象。

Abstract

This thesis develops a unemployment, new economic geography model by incorporating Harris and Todaro (1970) and Corden and Findlay (1975) into the well-known framework of Krugman (1991), and investigates the effect on unemployment in response to introducing foreign capital into a country with unemployment. In contrast with the paradox of Corden and Findlay, this study indicates that an introduction of foreign capital does not result in increases in unemployment. The effects of changes in key parameters,the share of income spent on manufactured goods, an index of economies of scale and an index of trade barrier are discussed as well. In addition, this study analyzes the impacts of an increase in minimum wage rate upon unemployment. The effects are different from the paradox of Corden and Findlay again, namely, an increase in the minimum wage rate in the country with unemployment induces a contraction in its manufacturing industry and an expansion in its trade partner, leading to agglomeration.

目錄
摘要………………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….Ⅱ
致謝………………………………………………………………………..Ⅲ
目錄………………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………..Ⅵ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
一、緒論……………………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究背景與動機……………………………………………….....1
1.2 研究目的……………………………………………………….....1
二、文獻回顧……………………………………………………………….3
2.1貿易理論回顧………………………………………………..........3
2.2新經濟地理回顧…………………………………………………..4
2.3關於Harris and Todaro與Corden and Findlay文獻回顧………10
三、模型……………………………………………………………………17
3.1原始模型描述……………………………………………………17
3.2修改後的模型……………………………………………………20
四、分析…………………………………………………………………..28
4.1均衡模型的建立…………………………………………………28
4.2資本增加對於失業率所造成之衝擊……………………………30
4.3三個重要參數改變帶來之影響…………………………………33
4.4製造業最低工資提高後的效果…………………………………37
五、結論及未來方向……………………………………………………..42
5.1結論………………………………………………………………42
5.2未來研究方向……………………………………………………43
參考文獻………………………………………………………………......44
中文部分…………………………………………………………………..44
英文部分…………………………………………………………………..45

表目錄
表1資本增加的效果……………………………………………………...31
表2外資所得匯出本國…………………………………………………...32
表3當資本為外生增加時，μ(製造業支出佔所得比例)變動之效果…34
表4當資本為外生增加時，σ(製造品需求彈性價格)變動之效果……..35
表5當資本為外生增加時，t(運輸成本或貿易障礙)變動之效果………37
續表5當資本為外生增加時，t(運輸成本或貿易障礙)變動之效果……37
表6製造業最低工資調高的效果………………………………………...41
續表6製造業最低工資調高的效果……………………………………...41

圖目錄
圖1城鄉間人口移動模型………………………………………………...12
圖2 Corden and Findlay矛盾…………………………………………......14
圖3經濟體系擴張後的影響……………………………………………...16

中文部分

1. 尤靜華 (2001)「產業內貿易理論之探討」，中國文化大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。

2. 林春利 (2001)「國際資本流動與聚集經濟」，國立政治大學中山人文科社會科學研究所博士論文。

3. 林貞瑩 (2000)「日本與台灣間產業內貿易之研究」，國立東華大學企業管理學系碩士論文。

4. 姜樹翰 (1995)「都市聚集經濟之研究－以台灣製造業為例」，國立政治大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。

5. 林柏生、林淑芬、方誠編譯 (2001)「國際經濟學」，台北市：華泰。（原出版年：1997年）

6. 郭展銓 (1998)「Corden-Findlay之深入探討」，國立政治大學國貿學系研究所碩士論文。

7. 陳啟民 (2003)「台灣與東亞區域競合發展關係之研究」，國立成功大學都市計畫研究所碩士論文。

英文部分

1. Corden, W. M. and R. Findlay, (1975), “Urban Unemployment, Intersectoral Capital Mobility and Development Policy”, Ecmomica, 42, 59-78.

2. Dixit, A. K. and J. E. Stiglitz, (1977), “Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity”, American Economic Review, 67, 297-308.

3. Fujita, M., P. Krugman and A. J. Venables, (2000), The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

4. Harris, J. R. and M. P. Todaro, (1970), “ Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two-Sector Analysis”, American Economic Review, 60, 126-142

5. Henderson, J. V. and H. G.. Wang, (2005), “Aspects of the Rural-urban Transformation Of countries”, Journal of Economic Geography, 5, 23-42.

6. Krugman, P. and A. J. Venables, (1995), “Globalization and the Inequality of Nations”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics , 110, 858-879.

7. Krugman, P., (1978),“Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade”, Journal of International Economics, 4, 469-479.

8. Krugman, P., (1980), “Scale Economics, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade”, The American Economic Reviews, 70, 950-959.

9. Krugman, P., (1991a), Geography and Trade, England: London, MIT Press.

10. Krugman, P., (1991b), “Increasing Returns and Economic Geography”, The Journal of Political Economy, 99, 483-499.

11. Krugman, P., (1998), “Space: The Final Frontier”, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12, 161-174.

12. Masahisa, F. and J. F. Thisse, (2002), “Economics of Agglomeration: Cities, Industrial Location, and Regional Growth ” , USA: New York, Cambridge University Press.

13. Neary, J. P., (1981), “On the Harris-Todaro Model with Intersectoral Capital Mobility”, Ecmomica, 48, 219-234.

14. Varian, H. R., (1992), Microeconomic Analysis, New York: W. W. Norton.

15. Venables, J. A., (2005), “Spatial disparities in developing countries: cities, regions, and international trade”, Journal of Economic Geography, 5, 3-21.