臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究之目的旨在探討台灣目前商用蛋雞全期之產蛋性能，蛋雞強制換羽後之蛋殼品質，及從飼養管理暸解雞隻如何獲取最佳產蛋性能。本研究採用龍門(Lohmann)，麗加福(Hendrix)兩品種，飼養追蹤記錄從初產151天到738天，平均產蛋率分別為龍門77.01%及麗加福75.88% (P>0.05)。本試驗測定蛋雞強制換羽前後產蛋率、蛋重及蛋殼品質，明顯發現蛋雞產蛋前期產蛋率優於換羽後期(P<0.05)。蛋雞隨產蛋日齡增加蛋殼品質及蛋重有極顯著之差異(P<0.001)，測定不同蛋雞品種強制換羽後之蛋重、蛋殼強度及蛋殼厚度，發現龍門品種因生產較大的蛋，蛋殼強度及厚度較麗加福雞種為差(P<0.05)，將兩品種蛋雞做體重，羽毛重比較，兩者並無顯著差異(P>0.05)，但在強制換羽後雞隻體重、脫毛體重有顯著差異(P<0.05)。在水簾雞舍之試驗發現，蛋雞舍每排與雞舍層位體重有明顯差異，第三層生長體重較佳，可能與雞舍通風有關係，但在欄位之間並無差異性。最後從試驗中瞭解強制換羽過程中雞隻體內器官重量減輕，直到恢復產蛋為止，其中濾泡數明顯減少，影響蛋雞產蛋表現。

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the layer performance, force molt and the variety of eggshell quality. Two breeds of layer (Lohmann and Hendrix) were record, the average egg production from day 151 to 738 is 77.01% and 75.88% (P>0.05). The average egg production of post-molted were significantly lower(P<0.05) than pre-molted layer. Eggshell quality and egg weight were significantly difference (P<0.001). In egg weight ,eggshell strength and eggshell thickness, there are heavy egg weight, lower eggshell strength and eggshell thickness (P<0.05) of Lohmann. The body weight, feather weight were no difference between two breed (P>0.05), but there were significantly difference (P<0.05) in post-molted. The position on body weight were no difference, but heavier in 3rd row. The body weight, de-feather weight and organ weight were significantly change at pre- and post-molted layer. Decrease of follicle numbers affect layer performance.

中文摘要Ⅰ
英文摘要Ⅱ
誌 謝Ⅲ
目 錄Ⅳ
圖表目錄1
壹、前言 2
貳、文獻回顧 2
一、台灣現有商用蛋雞之性能發展 3
二、蛋雞產蛋生理週期及構造 7
三、雞隻產蛋性能之度量表示 7
(一)隻舍產蛋率 7
(二)隻日產蛋率 7
(三)存活產蛋率 7
四、環境溫度對蛋雞生理之影響 9
(一)體溫 9
(二)呼吸數 10
(三)心跳速率與血壓 10
(四)耗氧量 11
(五)血液性狀 11
1.血球比容、血紅素濃度 11
2.血液pＨ 12
3.鈉、鉀、鈣、鎂、磷 12
4.葡萄糖濃度 13
5.腎上腺濃度 13
6.甲狀腺活性 14
7.性荷爾蒙 14
五、環境溫度對雞隻生產性及蛋品質之影響 16
(一)環境溫度對產蛋性能之影響 16
1.採食量 16
2.產蛋率 16
3.蛋重 17
4.飼料效率 18
(二)蛋殼品質 18
(三)蛋內品質 21
六、蛋雞產蛋期營養需要量 22
(一)蛋白質需要量 22
(二)熱能需要量 26
(三)鈣與有效磷需要量 28
1.鈣需要量 28
2.有效磷需要量 29
七、影響雞隻生產性能及蛋品質之因素 32
(一)生產性能 32
1.品種的差異 32
2.雜交優勢 32
3.濾泡之閉鎖與生長 33
4.產蛋間隔時間之影響 34
5.產蛋週期 35
6.初產日齡 35
7.年齡 36
8.體重 36
9.產蛋持續性 37
10.飼養管理 38
(1)剪嘴 38
(2)光照 38
(3)相對濕度及不良有害氣體之影響 41
(4)飲水量及水溫 42
a.飲水量 42
b.水溫 43
c.水的品質 43
(5)籠飼空間密度之影響 43
(6)採食行為及餵料時間 45
a.行為 45
b.餵料時間 46
(二)蛋品質之影響 46
1.年齡 46
2.遺傳 49
3.其他因素 49
八、雞隻強制換羽之影響 51
(一)換羽之方法 51
1.體重減輕換羽法 51
2.斷食兼斷水法 52
3.營養成份改變換羽法 52
4.光照降低法 54
5.加州換羽法 54
6.北卡羅來納換羽法 54
7.內分泌及化學藥物誘導法 55
(二)強迫換羽母雞成本 55
1.新母雞與換羽母雞成本 55
2.產蛋數 55
3.產蛋率 56
4.蛋重 56
5.死亡率 56
6.飼料消耗量 56
7.失重 57
8.體重 57
9.蛋殼品質 57
10.蛋內部之品質 57
11.成本與價格經濟因素 57
(三)強迫換羽優缺點 58
參、材料與方法 59
一、試驗動物 59
二、試驗設計 59
三、試驗動物飼養理 59
四、試驗資料收集 60
五、測定項目及方法 60
六、統計分析 61
肆、結果與討論 71
一、產蛋性能 71
二、蛋重、蛋殼強度、蛋殼厚度之影響 78
三、蛋雞體重、羽毛重之影響 92
四、雞隻換羽體重及器官之影響 102
伍、結論 114
參考文獻 115
作者簡介 162

圖表目錄

圖1.母禽生殖道及各部位之長短構造 15
圖2.蛋殼形成過程中之化學變化 29
圖3.蛋殼強度測定器 70
圖4.蛋殼厚度測定器 70
圖5.雞舍平面圖 73
圖6.雞舍內部B區 74
圖7.雞舍內部A區 74
圖8.雞舍外電風扇 75
圖9.雞舍內電風扇 75
圖10.雞舍集糞區 76
圖11.電風扇 76
圖12.水簾 77
圖13.雞舍內部通道 78
圖14.雞舍外部前方 79
圖15.雞舍外部後方 79
圖16.不同品種產蛋曲線之比較 82
圖17.雞隻強制換羽於不同月份產蛋率之影響 86
圖18.產蛋日齡對於蛋重及蛋殼厚度之影響 90
圖19.產蛋日齡對於蛋殼強度之影響 92
圖20.蛋雞舍排與層對於體重之影響 108
圖21.蛋雞舍排與層對於羽毛重之影響 110
圖22.蛋雞強制換羽前後雞隻體重、脫毛體重之影響 116
圖23.蛋雞強制換羽前後雞隻卵巢重、濾泡數之影響 118
圖24.蛋雞強制換羽前後雞隻子宮體重、子宮體長之影響 120
圖25.蛋雞強制換羽前後雞隻脛骨重、腹脇重、肝臟重 122
表1.產蛋雞各階段營養建議表 33
表2.來航雞型產蛋雞對營養分之需要量 34
表3.母雞的每日代謝能需要量與體重及產蛋率的關係 36
表4.蛋雞於不同環境及飼養期的光照需求 49
表5.不同週齡之蛋重與蛋比重 56
表6.蛋雞不同品種產蛋率之影響 84
表7.蛋雞換羽前後產蛋率之影響 84
表8.蛋雞不同品種間蛋重、蛋殼強度及厚度之影響 88
表9.蛋雞換羽添加油脂前後對於蛋重、蛋殼強度及厚度之影響 94
表10.蛋雞不同月份對於蛋重、蛋殼強度及厚度之影響 96
表11.蛋雞蛋殼位置不同對於蛋重、蛋殼強度及厚度之影響 98
表12.蛋雞不同品種體重之影響 100
表13.蛋雞換羽體重之影響 100
表14蛋雞不同品種羽毛重之影響 102
表15.蛋雞換羽羽毛重之影響 102
表16.蛋雞舍不同位置蛋雞體重之影響 104
表17.蛋雞舍不同位置對於蛋雞羽毛重之影響 106
表18.蛋雞強制換羽前中後體內器官之影響 112
表19.蛋雞強制換羽日糧添加油脂對於器官之影響 114

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